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. 2020 Aug 24;11(9):982.
doi: 10.3390/genes11090982.

The Investigation of Perennial Sunflower Species (Helianthus L.) Mitochondrial Genomes

Maksim Makarenko  1 , Alexander Usatov  2 , Tatiana Tatarinova  1   3   4   5 , Kirill Azarin  2 , Alexey Kovalevich  2 , Vera Gavrilova  6 , Renate Horn  7
Affiliations

The Investigation of Perennial Sunflower Species (Helianthus L.) Mitochondrial Genomes

Maksim Makarenko et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

The genus Helianthus is a diverse taxonomic group with approximately 50 species. Most sunflower genomic investigations are devoted to economically valuable species, e.g., H. annuus, while other Helianthus species, especially perennial, are predominantly a blind spot. In the current study, we have assembled the complete mitogenomes of two perennial species: H. grosseserratus (273,543 bp) and H. strumosus (281,055 bp). We analyzed their sequences and gene profiles in comparison to the available complete mitogenomes of H. annuus. Except for sdh4 and trnA-UGC, both perennial sunflower species had the same gene content and almost identical protein-coding sequences when compared with each other and with annual sunflowers (H. annuus). Common mitochondrial open reading frames (ORFs) (orf117, orf139, and orf334) in sunflowers and unique ORFs for H. grosseserratus (orf633) and H. strumosus (orf126, orf184, orf207) were identified. The maintenance of plastid-derived coding sequences in the mitogenomes of both annual and perennial sunflowers and the low frequency of nonsynonymous mutations point at an extremely low variability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding sequences in the Helianthus genus.

Keywords: H. grosseserratus; H. strumosus; mitochondrial mutations; mitogenomes; mtDNA; perennial sunflowers.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mitochondrial genome maps of H. grosseserratus and H. strumosus. Arrows denote the gene’s transcription orientation. Intron-containing genes are marked by an asterisk (*) symbol and trans-spliced genes—by plus (+) symbol.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The progressive MAUVE alignment of H. annuus, H. grosseserratus and H. strumosus complete mitogenomes. According to sequence similarity, 12 syntenic blocks were identified, with a different order for each species.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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