Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jul;13(7):1397-1403.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1397-1403. Epub 2020 Jul 22.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles in bacterial species isolated from fecal samples of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) living in Lopburi Old Town, Thailand

Duangjai Boonkusol  1 , Suporn Thongyuan  2 , Nantana Jangsuwan  1 , Pornchai Sanyathitiseree  3
Affiliations

Antimicrobial resistance profiles in bacterial species isolated from fecal samples of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) living in Lopburi Old Town, Thailand

Duangjai Boonkusol et al. Vet World. 2020 Jul.

Abstract

Background and aim: At present, increasing in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) population in Lopburi old town caused several problems in its community, in particular with sanitation problem. The present study aimed to explore species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from feces of the free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Lopburi Old Town, Thailand.

Materials and methods: Fresh fecal samples were collected from October 2018 to July 2019 from seven troops of macaques. Bacterial colonies were identified based on Gram stain and standard biochemical techniques. Sensitivity toward eight different antibiotics, including amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, and gentamicin, was analyzed using the disk diffusion method.

Results: A total of 1050 fecal samples were collected. Five unique bacterial species were identified, including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella Group B, and Citrobacter spp. in 100%, 25.71%, 18%, 1.71%, and 0.57% of the fecal specimens, respectively. Among 70 distinct isolates of E. coli, 63 (93%) were resistant to multiple drugs, including amoxicillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, and erythromycin; one isolate (6%) was resistant to clindamycin only. Furthermore, 17 isolates (94%) of Salmonella Group B were resistant to both clindamycin and erythromycin. Five of the six Citrobacter spp. isolates (83%) were also multidrug-resistant (to cephalexin, clindamycin, and erythromycin); the one remaining Citrobacter spp. isolate (6%) was resistant to both clindamycin and erythromycin. However, a high percentage of E. coli, Salmonella Group B and Citrobacter spp. remained susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline.

Conclusion: Our findings provide the basic information for the selection of empirical therapy and for the evaluation of the scale of antibiotic resistance associated with macaques living in Lopburi Old Town.

Keywords: antibiotic; drug; monkey; resistant; susceptible.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
Map showing the locations of fecal samples collected from long-tailed macaques in Lopburi Old Town, Thailand. A=Prang Sam Yot Khmer shrine, B=Malai Rama Theater, C=Van station, D=Chayowanich building, E=Muang Thong hotel, F=Manora Market, G=Seng Heng building.
Figure-2
Figure-2
Distribution of bacterial species isolated from seven locations of Lopburi Old Town. A=Prang Sam Yot Khmer shrine, B=Malai Rama Theater, C=Van station, D=Chayowanich building, E=Muang Thong hotel, F=Manora Market, G=Seng Heng building.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Boonkusol D, Sanyathitiseree P, Thongyuan S, Jangsuwan N. Population and behavior surveys of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in the old town, Lopburi province. Online J. Biol. Sci. 2018;18(2):226–236.
    1. Brittingham M.C, Temple S.A, Duncan R.M. A survey of the prevalence of bacteria in wild birds. J. Wildl. Dis. 1998;24(2):299–307. - PubMed
    1. Guenther S, Ewers C, Wieler L.H. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing E coli in wildlife, yet another form of environmental pollution? Front. Microbiol. 2011;2(246):1–13. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Costa D, Poeta P, Saenz Y, Vinue L, Rojo-Bezares B, Jouini A, Zarazaga M, Rodrigues J, Torres C. Detection of Escherichia coli harbouring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the CTX-M, TEM and SHV classes in faecal samples of wild animals in Portugal. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2006;58(6):1311–1312. - PubMed
    1. Keen J.E, Durso L.M, Meehan T.B. Isolation of Salmonella enteric and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coliO157 from feces of animals in public contact areas of United States zoological parks. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007;73(1):362–365. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources