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Review
. 2020 Sep:15:1287-1305.
doi: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0110. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Elaheh Kordzadeh-Kermani  1 , Hossein Khalili  1 , Iman Karimzadeh  2
Affiliations
Review

Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Elaheh Kordzadeh-Kermani et al. Future Microbiol. 2020 Sep.

Abstract

Aim: Despite the similarities in the pathogenesis of the beta coronaviruses, the precise infective mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. Objective: In this review, we aim to focus on the proposed theories behind the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and highlight the clinical complications related to COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a literature search in Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar for the relevant articles regarding clinical complications and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Results: Related articles were included and discussed. Conclusion: Respiratory system and the lungs are the most commonly involved sites of COVID-19 infection. Cardiovascular, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems are involved with different frequencies and degrees of severity.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; clinical complications; coronavirus disease 2019; pathogenesis.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. The clinical complications of COVID-19.
ACE 2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; ADEM: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; Ang 1–7: Angiotensin 1–7; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; BBB: Blood–brain barrier; DILI: Drug-induced liver injury; FDP: Fibrin degradation products; NK cell: Natural killer cell.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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