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. 2020 Aug 27;21(1):92.
doi: 10.1186/s12863-020-00903-w.

Microsatellite variation revealed panmictic pattern for Triatoma brasiliensis (Triatominae: Reduviidae) in rural northeastern Brazil: the control measures implications

Claudia Mendonça Bezerra  1   2 , Carlota Josefovicz Belisário  3 , Grasielle Caldas D'Ávilla Pessoa  4 , Aline Cristine Luiz Rosa  3 , Carla Patrícia Barezani  3 , Flávio Campos Ferreira  3 , Alberto Novaes Ramos Jr  5 , Ricardo Esteban Gürtler  6   7 , Liléia Diotaiuti  8
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Microsatellite variation revealed panmictic pattern for Triatoma brasiliensis (Triatominae: Reduviidae) in rural northeastern Brazil: the control measures implications

Claudia Mendonça Bezerra et al. BMC Genet. .

Abstract

Background: Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the caatinga of Northeastern Brazil. Despite of its epidemiological relevance, there are few studies on its genetic variability. Using microsatellite markers, we characterized the variability and dynamics of infestation and reinfestation of T. brasiliensis after residual insecticide spraying in five surveys conducted in a well-defined rural area located in the municipality of Tauá, Ceará, between 2009 and 2015. We evaluated: (1) general variability among local of captures; (2) variability along the time analysis (2009, 2010 and 2015); (3) and reinfestation process.

Results: On the analysis (1) global and pairwise FST values suggested absence of clusters among the area. AMOVA indicated that total variation is mainly represented by individual differences. Absence of clustering indicates a panmitic unit, with free gene flow. For (2), Pairwise FST indicated alterations in the genetic profile of the triatomines along the time. (3) Analysis of the reinfestation process showed that the domiciliary units investigated had different sources of infestation despite of its proximity.

Conclusions: Observed homogeneity can be explained by the great dispersal capacity of T. brasiliensis, overlapping the different environments. Persistent house infestation in Tauá may be attributed to the occurrence of postspraying residual foci and the invasion of triatomines from their natural habitats.

Keywords: Ceará state; Chagas disease; Genetic variability; Microsatellites; Triatoma brasiliensis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
UPGMA dendrogram of the pairwise FST of Triatoma brasiliensis. Captured in domiciliary units (C13 and C14) and wild environment (S) of Cachoeira do Júlio (CJ) locality. Captured in 2010 and 2015. The numbers in the branch are the bootstrap
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Location of study área. a. Location of Ceará State, Brazil. b. Area of Tauá munipality, Ceará, Brazil. c. Study site. d. Detail of study site. Gray polygons: general variability and variability along the time analysis: 1. Belo Horizonte do Alfredo; 2. Mutuca; 3. Cachoeira do Julio; 4. Benfica do INCRA; 5. Canadá; 6. Morada Nova do Pedro; 7. Morada Nova do Tomaz; 8. São Bento do INCRA; 9. São Cristóvão; 10. Várzea do Touro; triangles indicate wild environments: 19. Mutuca Evangelista; 20. Mutuca Pedra da Cruz; 21. Cachoeira do Julio; 22. Morada Nova do Tomaz. Black polygons: variability along the time analysis: 11. Santa Fé; 12. Merejo do Angico; 13. Açude Novo Sátiro; 14. Mutuquinha; 15. Jasmim do Aluísio; 16. Betânia; 17. Cachoeira dos Pedrosas; 18. Umburana; triangles indicate wild environments: 23. Juá; 24. Caraúbas; 25. Monte Cristo; 26. Aroeira; 27. Pedra D’água. Source: adapted from QGis 2.14. Essen
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