Ameloblastoma of the jaws in children: an evaluation of cases seen in a tertiary hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Ameloblastoma is one of the most common benign odontogenic tumours in Nigeria. It is considered uncommon in children.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients with histopathological diagnosis of ameloblastoma seen over seven years at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Relevant information was retrieved from patients' records and data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 23, the chi-square test was used to compare qualitative variables, a p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: One hundred and thirty-six cases of ameloblastoma in all age groups were seen within the period. Thirty of the cases met the requirement. The mean age of the patients was 14.4 STD 2.03 (range from 10-17) years. Fourteen (46.7%) patients were male while 16 (53.3%) were female giving a ratio of 1:1.1. The duration of the lesion ranged from 3 months to 72 months (mean 15.07 months). Histologically, the follicular type (n=20, 66.7%) constitute the majority, while the clinical types were solid-multicystic (n=18, 60%) and unicystic (n=12, 40%). Enucleation was the treatment of choice in most (n=18, (60%)) of the patients.

Conclusion: Ameloblastoma is relatively uncommon in children, especially those less than ten years of age. The solid-multicystic variety was the predominant type in the children studied. Most patients presented long after the onset of the tumour and enucleation with mechanical curettage produced satisfactory results in these patients.

Funding: None declared.

Keywords: Ameloblastoma; children; enucleation; odontogenic tumour; resection.