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. 2020 Sep;13(9):e006171.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006171. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

Impact of Medicare's Bundled Payments Initiative on Patient Selection, Payments, and Outcomes for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Christian McNeely  1 , E John Orav  2   3 , Jie Zheng  4 , Karen E Joynt Maddox  1   5
Affiliations

Impact of Medicare's Bundled Payments Initiative on Patient Selection, Payments, and Outcomes for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Christian McNeely et al. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2020 Sep.

Abstract

Background: The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation launched the Bundled Payments for Care Initiative (BPCI) in 2013. Its effect on payments and outcomes for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unknown.

Methods and results: We used Medicare inpatient files to identify index admissions for PCI and CABG from 2013 through 2016 at BPCI hospitals and matched control hospitals and difference in differences models to compare the 2 groups. Our primary outcome was the change in standardized Medicare-allowed payments per 90-day episode. Secondary outcomes included changes in patient selection, discharge to postacute care, length of stay, emergency department use, readmissions, and mortality. Forty-two hospitals joined BPCI for PCI and 46 for CABG. There were no differential changes in patient selection between BPCI and control hospitals. Baseline Medicare payments per episode for PCI were $20 164 at BPCI hospitals and $19 955 at control hospitals. For PCI, payments increased at both BPCI and control hospitals during the intervention period, such that there was no significant difference in differences (BPCI hospitals +$673, P=0.048; control hospitals +$551, P=0.022; difference in differences $122, P=0.768). For CABG, payments at both BPCI and control hospitals decreased during the intervention period (BPCI baseline, $36 925, change -$2918, P<0.001; control baseline, $36 877, change -$2618, P<0.001; difference in differences, $300; P=0.730). For both PCI and CABG, BPCI participation was not associated with changes in mortality, readmissions, or length of stay. Among BPCI hospitals, emergency department use differentially increased for patients undergoing PCI and decreased for patients undergoing CABG.

Conclusions: Participation in episode-based payment for PCI and CABG was not associated with changes in patient selection, payments, length of stay, or clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Medicare; coronary artery bypass; length of stay; percutaneous coronary intervention; readmission.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Total Medicare Payments, BPCI versus Control
PCI – Percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG – Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

    1. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) Initiative: General Information. http://innovation.cms.gov/initiatives/bundled-payments/. Accessed May 8, 2017.
    1. Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation. BPCI Advanced. 2017. https://innovation.cms.gov/initiatives/bpci-advanced. Accessed January 9, 2018.
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