Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Aug 28;99(35):e21749.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000021749.

Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cohort study protocol

Xianfei Xie  1 , Jialing Zhu  2 , Hao Zhang  1
Affiliations

Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cohort study protocol

Xianfei Xie et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Expression of concern in

  • Expression of Concern: Study Protocols.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Nov 7;104(45):e46330. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000046330. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025. PMID: 41204616 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, and is a major cause of disability and chronic pain in adults. However, there is very limited evidence in the scientific literature to support the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in human knee osteoarthritis. This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of ESWT treatment with sham-ESWT on pain, walking speed, physical function, and adverse effects in knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: This study will be performed and reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist. We reviewed patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis at our academic center from 2016 to 2017. This retrospective cohort study was approved by the institutional review board in Ruijin Hospital. The primary outcome measure was pain on movement measured by a 100-cm visual analog scale. The secondary outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, range of motion, and adverse effects. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). A P-value of <.05 was defined as statistical significance.

Results: The hypothesis was that ESWT would be an effective treatment for improving pain and physical function in knee osteoarthritis to control symptoms.

Trial registration: This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5801).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

References

    1. Bijlsma JW, Berenbaum F, Lafeber FP. Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice. Lancet 2011;377:2115–26.. - PubMed
    1. Pereira D, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, et al. The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011;19:1270–85.. - PubMed
    1. Schutze R, Rees C, Preece M, et al. Low mindfulness predicts pain catastrophizing in a fear-avoidance model of chronic pain. Pain 2010;148:120–7.. - PubMed
    1. van der Pas S, Castell MV, Cooper C, et al. European project on osteoarthritis: design of a six-cohort study on the personal and societal burden of osteoarthritis in an older European population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013;14:138. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wideman TH, Finan PH, Edwards RR, et al. Increased sensitivity to physical activity among individuals with knee osteoarthritis: relation to pain outcomes, psychological factors, and responses to quantitative sensory testing. Pain 2014;155:703–11.. - PubMed