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Review
. 2021 Mar 4;17(3):897-903.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1799667. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

Extracellular vesicles of bacteria as potential targets for immune interventions

Yizhi Peng  1 , Sheng Yin  1 , Min Wang  1
Affiliations
Review

Extracellular vesicles of bacteria as potential targets for immune interventions

Yizhi Peng et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Bacterial infection is one of the most common and serious diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) expressed by bacterial cells during infection and their biological functions have been a growing field in recent years. The study of the immune interaction mechanism between EVs and bacteria has become more significant. EVs are released into the extracellular microenvironment during bacterial infection. EVs carry various lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances of host bacteria and participate in various physiological and pathological processes. EV-based vaccines against bacterial infection are also being evaluated. This review focuses on the biological characteristics of EVs, the interaction between EVs and the host immune system, and the potential of EVs as new vaccines. A deeper understanding of the interaction between EVs and the immune system informs on the biological function and heterogeneity of EVs. This knowledge also can facilitate the development and application of EVs and their potential as vaccines.

Keywords: EVs vaccine active immunity.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
EVs is a spherical structure enclosed by a lipid bilayer, which contains proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as other substances such as ions, metabolic molecules, and signaling molecules
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
EVs vaccine can affect the immune response of T lymphocytes to change the levels of various cytokines in the body for active immunity; EVs vaccine can not only protect homologous strains, but also cross-protect heterologous strains; EVs vaccine can also be used as an adjuvant or an important part of the vaccine to enhance the effect of active immunity and further enhance its safety
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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