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. 2020 Aug 11;5(33):21032-21041.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02598. eCollection 2020 Aug 25.

Generation and Use of Lignin- g-AMPS in Extended DLVO Theory for Evaluating the Flocculation of Colloidal Particles

Yanzhu Guo  1   2 , Fangong Kong  3 , Pedram Fatehi  2   3
Affiliations

Generation and Use of Lignin- g-AMPS in Extended DLVO Theory for Evaluating the Flocculation of Colloidal Particles

Yanzhu Guo et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

In this work, Kraft lignin (KL) was polymerized with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to generate an anionic water-soluble KL-g-AMPS polymer. The effects of reaction conditions on the charge density of polymers were evaluated to induce lignin-based polymers with the highest anionic charge density. The optimal process conditions were 2.5 mol/mol AMPS/lignin, 0.6 g/g solid/water ratio, 2.0 initiator/lignin weight ratio, 80 °C, 120 min, and pH 1.5, which yielded KL-g-AMPS with the anionic charge density of 4.28 mequiv/g and the grafting ratio of 285%. The chemical structure and compositions of the polymers were confirmed by 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The flocculation performance of the polymer was evaluated in an aluminum oxide suspension, and its performance was compared with that of a homopolymer of AMPS produced under the same conditions. In addition, the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory was applied to study the flocculation mechanism of the polymers and alumina particles. The results revealed that electrostatic interaction was found to be the dominant force in this flocculation process.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Polymerization of KL and AMPS.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of reaction conditions on the charge density and grafting ratio of KL-g-AMPS polymers: (a) pH under the conditions of 2.3 mol/mol AMPS/KL, 0.40 g/g solid/water ratio, 1.5 wt % initiator/KL, 80 °C, 120 min; (b) molar ratio of AMPS/KL under the conditions of 0.40 g/g solid/water ratio, 1.5 wt % initiator/KL, 80 °C, 120 min, pH 1.5; (c) solid/water ratio under the conditions of 2.5 mol/mol AMPS/KL, 1.5 wt % initiator/KL, 80 °C, 120 min, pH 1.5; (d) dosage of initiator under the conditions of 2.5 mol/mol AMPS/KL, 0.60 g/g solid/water ratio, 80 °C, 120 min, pH 1.5; (e) temperature under the conditions of 2.5 mol/mol AMPS/KL, 0.60 g/g solid/water ratio, 2.0 wt % initiator/KL, 120 min, pH 1.5; and (f) time under the conditions of 2.5 mol/mol AMPS/KL, 0.60 g/g solid/water ratio, 2.0 wt % initiator/KL, pH 1.5, 80 °C.
Figure 3
Figure 3
1H NMR spectra of KL, KL-g-AMPS, and PAMPS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Interaction energies between aluminum oxide particles and flocculants versus the separation distance: (a) KL, (b) PAMPS, and (c) KL-g-AMPS.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Flocculation performance of KL, KL-g-AMPS, and PAMPS in aluminum oxide suspension of 0.25 wt % at pH 7.0.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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