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Review
. 2020 Sep 1;12(9):2479.
doi: 10.3390/cancers12092479.

Targeting Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Xiaoping Wang  1   2 , Takashi Semba  1   2 , Lan Thi Hanh Phi  1   2   3 , Sudpreeda Chainitikun  1   2 , Toshiaki Iwase  1   2 , Bora Lim  1   2 , Naoto T Ueno  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Targeting Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Xiaoping Wang et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), although rare, is the most aggressive type of breast cancer. Only 2-4% of breast cancer cases are classified as IBC, but-owing to its high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis-8% to 10% of breast cancer-related mortality occur in patients with IBC. Currently, IBC-specific targeted therapies are not available, and there is a critical need for novel therapies derived via understanding novel targets. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of critical signaling pathways in the progression of IBC and the preclinical and clinical studies of targeting these pathways in IBC. We also discuss studies of crosstalk between several signaling pathways and the IBC tumor microenvironment.

Keywords: clinical trials; inflammatory breast cancer; signaling pathways; targeted therapy; tumor microenvironment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overexpressed or activated signaling pathways in inflammatory breast cancer and the tumor microenvironment. The presence of tumor emboli, in which cells pack together to form a tumor cell cluster, is a hallmark of IBC cells. DCs, dendritic cells; IBC, inflammatory breast cancer; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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