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. 2020 Sep 4;13(18):3925.
doi: 10.3390/ma13183925.

Biocompatibility and Bioactivity of Set Direct Pulp Capping Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Yemi Kim  1 , Donghee Lee  2 , Dani Song  3 , Hye-Min Kim  3 , Sin-Young Kim  3
Affiliations

Biocompatibility and Bioactivity of Set Direct Pulp Capping Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Yemi Kim et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, we assessed the biocompatibility and bioactivity of various pulp capping materials-ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Biodentine (Septodont), TheraCal LC (Bisco), and Dycal (Dentsply Caulk)-on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Experimental disks (diameter, 7 mm; height, 4 mm) were stored in a humified incubator at 37 °C for 48 h. Then, the pulp capping materials were tested for cytotoxic effects by methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium and scratch wound healing assays, and for mineralization potential by Alizarin red S (ARS) staining assay and alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity. Cell viability and cell migration did not significantly differ between ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and control (p > 0.05). TheraCal LC exhibited slower cell migration on days 2-4 compared to control (p < 0.05), and Dycal showed no cell migration. ALP activity was highest with Biodentine on days 10 and 14, and was lowered with TheraCal LC and Dycal (p < 0.05). In the ARS assay, hDPSCs grown in ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC eluates showed significantly increased mineralized nodule formation on day 21 compared to Biodentine, Dycal, and control (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, and TheraCal LC exhibit better biocompatibility and bioactivity than Dycal.

Keywords: ALP activity; ARS assay; cell migration; cell viability; pulp capping materials.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing of the manuscript or decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Evaluation of cell viability by methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences among experimental groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evaluation of cell migration by wound healing assay. Different letters represent statistically significant differences among experimental groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representative images of scratch wound healing assay (scale bar = 250 μm).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Determination of alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity of various pulp capping materials.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Determination of calcium nodule formation by Alizarin red S (ARS) staining assay. Different letters represent statistically significant differences among experimental groups.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Representative images of Alizarin red S (ARS) staining assay (scale bar = 500 μm).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Calcium nodule formation according to Alizarin red S (ARS) staining assay of various Biodentine eluates according to test method. (A) Representative images of ARS staining assay, (B) ARS activity of various Biodentine eluates. Different superscript letters represent statistically significant differences.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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