Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Sep 6;12(9):2722.
doi: 10.3390/nu12092722.

Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review

Phung Lam Toi  1   2 , Thunyarat Anothaisintawee  1   3 , Usa Chaikledkaew  1   4 , Jamaica Roanne Briones  1 , Sirimon Reutrakul  5 , Ammarin Thakkinstian  1   6
Affiliations

Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review

Phung Lam Toi et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background: Although the body of evidence indicates clear benefits of dietary modifications for prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it may be difficult for healthcare providers to recommend which diet interventions or dietary factors are appropriate for patients as there are too many modalities available. Accordingly, we performed an umbrella review to synthesize evidence on diet interventions and dietary factors in prevention of T2DM.

Methods: Medline and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trial or observational studies were eligible if they measured effects of diet interventions and/or dietary factors including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on risk of T2DM. The effect of each diet intervention/factor was summarized qualitatively.

Results: Sixty systematic reviews and meta-analyses were eligible. Results of the review suggest that healthy dietary patterns such as Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, and high consumption of whole grains, low-fat dairy products, yogurt, olive oil, chocolate, fiber, magnesium, and flavonoid significantly reduced the risk of T2DM. In contrast, high glycemic index and glycemic load diets, high consumption of red and processed meat, and sugar or artificial sugar-sweetened beverages significantly increased risk of T2DM. Prescribing diet interventions with or without physical activity interventions significantly decreased risk of T2DM in both high-risk and general population.

Conclusion: High consumption of Mediterranean and DASH diet, and interventions that modified the quality of diet intake significantly reduced risk of T2DM especially in the high-risk population. These lifestyle modifications should be promoted in both individual and population levels to prevent and decrease burden from T2DM in the future.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; dietary patterns; food; nutrient; systematic review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of study selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pooled risk ratios of food groups and risk of T2DM. (A) Highest versus lowest category comparison. (B) Dose-response analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pooled risk ratios of food nutrients and risk of T2DM. (A) Highest versus lowest category comparison. (B) Dose response analysis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pooled risk ratios of dietary patterns, diet and combined diet and physical activity interventions and risk of T2DM. (A) Dietary patterns and diet intervention. (B) Combined diet and physical activity interventions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. International Diabetes Federation . In: IDF Diabetes Atlast-8th Edition. Karuranga S., Fernandes J.D.R., Huang Y., Malanda B., editors. International Diabetes Federation; Brussels, Belgium: 2017.
    1. Beckman J.A., Paneni F., Cosentino F., Creager M.A. Diabetes and vascular disease: Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part II. Eur. Heart J. 2013;34:2444–2452. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht142. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Schellenberg E.S., Dryden D.M., Vandermeer B., Ha C., Korownyk C. Lifestyle interventions for patients with and at risk for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2013;159:543–551. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hemmingsen B., Gimenez-Perez G., Mauricio D., Roqué i Figuls M., Metzendorf M.I., Richter B. Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2017:CD003054. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003054.pub4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Glechner A., Harreiter J., Gartlehner G., Rohleder S., Kautzky A., Tuomilehto J., Van Noord M., Kaminski-Hartenthaler A., Kautzky-Willer A. Sex-specific differences in diabetes prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2014;58:242–254. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3439-x. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types