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. 2020 Dec:6:55-64.
doi: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.04. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

The PhyloCode applied to Cintractiellales, a new order of smut fungi with unresolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ustilaginomycotina

A R McTaggart  1   2 , C J Prychid  3   4 , J J Bruhl  3 , R G Shivas  5
Affiliations

The PhyloCode applied to Cintractiellales, a new order of smut fungi with unresolved phylogenetic relationships in the Ustilaginomycotina

A R McTaggart et al. Fungal Syst Evol. 2020 Dec.

Abstract

The PhyloCode is used to classify taxa based on their relation to a most recent common ancestor as recovered from a phylogenetic analysis. We examined the first specimen of Cintractiella (Ustilaginomycotina) collected from Australia and determined its systematic relationship to other Fungi. Three ribosomal DNA loci were analysed both with and without constraint to a phylogenomic hypothesis of the Ustilaginomycotina. Cintractiella did not share a most recent common ancestor with other orders of smut fungi. We used the PhyloCode to define the Cintractiellales, a monogeneric order with four species of Cintractiella, including C. scirpodendri sp. nov. on Scirpodendron ghaeri. The Cintractiellales may have shared a most recent common ancestor with the Malasseziomycetes, but are otherwise unresolved at the rank of class.

Keywords: Cyperaceae pathogens; ITS; LSU; fungal systematics; new taxa; obligate biotroph.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Phylogram obtained from a maximum likelihood search in IQTree v. 1.7 beta, with a GTR gamma FreeRate heterogeneity model of evolution and a different rate for each partition of ribosomal DNA. aRLT values (≥ 0.9) and ultrafast bootstrap values (≥ 95 %) from 10 000 replicates, and genealogical concordance factors for three ribosomal DNA loci above nodes. Dashed lines indicate incongruence between the topology obtained from a phylogenomic dataset by Kijpornyongpan et al. (2018).
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Phylogram obtained from a maximum likelihood search in IQTree v. 1.7 beta constrained to the class rank topology of Kijpornyongpan et al. (2018). aRLT values (≥0.9) and ultrafast bootstrap values (≥ 95 %) from 10 000 replicates above nodes.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
A–E. Cintractiella scirpodendri on Scirpodendron ghaeri. A–B. Spikelet-like growths (BRIP 60160). C–D. Spores (BRIP 59264). E. Spore germination (BRIP 60160). F–I. Cintractiella lamii on Hypolytrum nemorum. F. Illustration by Boedijn (1937). G. Sori (BRIP 59678), H–I. Spores (BRIP 59678). J. Cintractiella diplasiae on Diplasia karatifolia, spores (BRIP 59671). Scale bars: G = 2 mm, all others = 10 μm.
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