Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Oct;57(10):3556-3563.
doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04387-5. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Effect of storage temperatures, packaging materials and storage periods on antioxidant activity and non-enzymatic browning of antioxidant treated walnut kernels

Tehmeena Ahad  1 , Amir Gull  2 , Jasia Nissar  1 , Lubna Masoodi  1 , A H Rather  1
Affiliations

Effect of storage temperatures, packaging materials and storage periods on antioxidant activity and non-enzymatic browning of antioxidant treated walnut kernels

Tehmeena Ahad et al. J Food Sci Technol. 2020 Oct.

Abstract

The effect of antioxidants, temperature, packaging materials and storage periods was investigated in medium shelled walnut kernels (Hamdan) variety. The kernels were mechanically dried (40 °C), standardized and treated with butylated hydroxylanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene in combination at concentrations (0.015%) each. Then packed in laminates under vacuum and high density polyethylene non vacuum packaging materials and stored under ambient and refrigerated temperature conditions (4 °C) for a period of 9 months. All tested extracts possessed appreciable antioxidant potential. The bioactive compounds were identified by using chromatographic techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS). Before storage dried kernels exhibited high values of total phenols (31.23 mgGAE/gm), DPPH (215.13 µmol TAEg-1) and low value of non enzymatic browning (0.63 OD). Walnuts packed in laminates under vacuum and refrigerated conditions exhibited higher values of total phenols, total flavonoids, DPPH and subsequently lower change in non-enzymatic browning reactions throughout the experiment. After 90 days of storage maximum loss in total phenols and DPPH value and highest value of non enzymatic browning was observed in high density polyethylene non vacuum packaging materials under ambient temperature. The major phenolic components identified by GC/MS and LC/MS analysis were linoleic acid, oleic acid, hexadecanoic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, epicatechin and ellagic acid respectively. This study validates the antioxidant potential of the walnut kernels and the positive relationship between total phenolic content, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity.

Keywords: 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH); Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent; Gallic acid; Total flavonoids; Total phenolic content.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
a, b Effect of antioxidant, storage temperatures, packaging materials and storage periods on total phenol content (mgGAE/gm) of walnut kernels
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a, b Effect of antioxidant, storage temperatures, packaging materials and storage periods on DPPH (µmol TAEg−1 DW) value of walnut kernels
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
a, b Effect of antioxidant, storage temperatures, packaging materials and storage periods on flavonoid content (mg CE/gm) of walnut kernels
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Anderson KJ, Teuber SS, Gobeille A, Cremin P, Waterhouse AL, Steinberg FM. Walnut polyphenolics inhibit invitro human plasma and LDL oxidation. J Nutr. 2001;131(11):2837–2842. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.11.2837. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Arranz S, Perez-Jimenez J, Saura-Calixto F. Antioxidant capacity of walnut (Juglans regia L.): contribution of oil and defatted matter. Eur Food Res Technol. 2008;227(2):425–431. doi: 10.1007/s00217-007-0737-2. - DOI
    1. Blomhoff R, Carlsen MH, Anderson LF, Jacobs DR. Health benefits of nuts: potential role of anti-oxidants. Br J Nutr. 2006;2:552–560. - PubMed
    1. Carvalho M, Ferreira PJ, Mendes VS, Silva R, Pereira JA, Jeronimo C. Human cancer cell antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Juglans regia L. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(1):441–447. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.043. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chandrasekara A, Shahidi F. Bioaccessibility and antioxidant potential of millet grain phenolics as affected by simulated in vitro digestion and microbial fermentation. J Fun Foods. 2012;4(1):226–230. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.11.001. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources