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Review
. 2020 Sep 7;11(9):840.
doi: 10.3390/mi11090840.

A Comprehensive Review of Micro-Inertial Measurement Unit Based Intelligent PIG Multi-Sensor Fusion Technologies for Small-Diameter Pipeline Surveying

Lianwu Guan  1 , Xiaodan Cong  2 , Qing Zhang  1 , Fanming Liu  1 , Yanbin Gao  1 , Wendou An  3 , Aboelmagd Noureldin  4
Affiliations
Review

A Comprehensive Review of Micro-Inertial Measurement Unit Based Intelligent PIG Multi-Sensor Fusion Technologies for Small-Diameter Pipeline Surveying

Lianwu Guan et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

It is of great importance for pipeline systems to be is efficient, cost-effective and safe during the transportation of the liquids and gases. However, underground pipelines often experience leaks due to corrosion, human destruction or theft, long-term Earth movement, natural disasters and so on. Leakage or explosion of the operating pipeline usually cause great economical loss, environmental pollution or even a threat to citizens, especially when these accidents occur in human-concentrated urban areas. Therefore, the surveying of the routed pipeline is of vital importance for the Pipeline Integrated Management (PIM). In this paper, a comprehensive review of the Micro-Inertial Measurement Unit (MIMU)-based intelligent Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) multi-sensor fusion technologies for the transport of liquids and gases purposed for small-diameter pipeline (D < 30 cm) surveying is demonstrated. Firstly, four types of typical small-diameter intelligent PIGs and their corresponding pipeline-defects inspection technologies and defects-positioning technologies are investigated according to the various pipeline defects inspection and localization principles. Secondly, the multi-sensor fused pipeline surveying technologies are classified into two main categories, the non-inertial-based and the MIMU-based intelligent PIG surveying technology. Moreover, five schematic diagrams of the MIMU fused intelligent PIG fusion technology is also surveyed and analyzed with details. Thirdly, the potential research directions and challenges of the popular intelligent PIG surveying techniques by multi-sensor fusion system are further presented with details. Finally, the review is comprehensively concluded and demonstrated.

Keywords: intelligent Pipeline Inspection Gauge surveying technology; multi-sensor fused system; pipeline inspection gauge; pipeline integrity management; small-diameter pipeline.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The intelligent Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIGs) for small-diameter pipeline surveying. (a) Regular smart PIG. (b) Remote PIG. (c) Gyroscopic PIG. (d) SmartBall PIG.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of different pipeline leakage inspection technologies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PIG with odometers and transmitter.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PIG transmitter and PIG tracking & locating receiver.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for intelligent PIG surveying. (a) LN-200 IMU. (b) 1775 IMU. (c) VG-951 FOG. (d) IMU-501D.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Some typical MIMUs used for pipeline surveying. (a) SiIMU02 IMU; (b) MIDG II IMU; (c) Xsens MTi IMU; (d) TSND121 IMU; (e) HG4930 IMU; (f) HGi300 IMU; (g) STIM300 IMU; (h) YH-5100 IMU.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS)/Odometer (Odo)/Above Ground Marker (AGM)-based intelligent PIG surveying technology.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic of SINS/Odo/AGM/Pipeline Junction (PJ)-based intelligent PIG surveying technology.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schematic of SINS/Odo/PJ/Pipeline Segment Length (PSL)-based intelligent PIG surveying technology.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Schematic of SINS/Odo/AGM/PJ/Pipeline Bending Angle (PBA)-based intelligent PIG surveying technology.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Schematic of SINS/Odo/PJ/PSL/PBA-based intelligent PIG surveying technology.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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