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. 2020 Aug 22:2020:9689312.
doi: 10.1155/2020/9689312. eCollection 2020.

DNA Primase Subunit 1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implication

Yipeng Zhang  1 , Lijun Li  2 , Renzhi Liu  3 , Changchun Zeng  4
Affiliations

DNA Primase Subunit 1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implication

Yipeng Zhang et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

DNA Primase Subunit 1 (PRIM1) is crucial for cancer development and progression. However, there remains a lack of comprehension concerning the clinical implication of PRIM1 in HCC. Here, aberrant expression of PRIM1 was identified in HCC according to available databases. The prognostic value of PRIM1 in patients presenting with HCC was further assessed based on TCGA data. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was subsequently conducted to investigate the potential function of PRIM1. Additionally, the correlations between tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and PRIM1 expression were evaluated. The data from TCGA, GEO, ONCOMINE, and HCCDB databases illustrated that PRIM1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues, compared to normal liver tissues (all p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high PRIM1 expression in HCC was closely correlated with worse overall survival (p < 0.05). The univariate and multivariate analyses illustrated that PRIM1 expression was an independent novel prognostic indicator in HCC. Additionally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for PRIM1 reached 0.8651, indicating the diagnostic significance of PRIM1 in patients with HCC. GSEA showed that PRIM1 overexpression was significantly enriched in several tumor-related signaling pathways. Besides, TIIC analysis clarified the association between PRIM1 expression and TIICs in HCC. The findings disclose that PRIM1 profoundly implicated in promoting tumorigenesis might work as a desirable biomarker for HCC.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRIM1 expression was displayed in HCC using data from TCGA and GEO databases. (a) The expression of PRIM1 was evaluated in HCC tissues (n = 360) compared with normal tissues (n = 49) based on TCGA database. (b) PRIM1 expression was exhibited in HCC tissues (n = 49) compared with matched adjacent normal liver tissues (n = 49) based on TCGA database. (c–h) PRIM1 expression was evaluated in HCC tissues compared with normal tissues according to the GEO database (GSE25097, GSE6764, GSE14520, GSE45436, GSE55092, and GSE60502). PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
HCCDB and ONCOMINE databases were applied to evaluate the expression of PRIM1 in HCC. (a) The expression of PRIM1 expression was assessed in HCC using the HCCDB database. (b) PRIM1 expression was investigated in HCC using the ONCOMINE database. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCCDB: Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of PRIM1 expression in HCC patients. (a) OS time of HCC patients grouped by PRIM1 median expression based on TCGA database. (b) OS time of HCC patients grouped by PRIM1 median expression based on the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. (c) The relationship between PRIM1 median expression and 1-year OS in HCC based on the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. (d) The relationship between PRIM1 median expression and 3-year OS in HCC based on the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. (e) The relationship between PRIM1 median expression and 5-year OS in HCC according to the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; OS: overall survival.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Subgroup analyses of OS in different HCC populations grouped by PRIM1 median expression according to the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. (a) OS of HCC patients without hepatitis virus infection grouped by PRIM1 expression. (b) OS of male HCC patients grouped by PRIM1 expression. (c) OS of Asian HCC patients grouped by PRIM1 expression. (d) OS of HCC patients without alcohol consumption grouped by PRIM1 expression. PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; OS: overall survival.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Subgroup analyses of OS in different HCC grades and stages grouped by PRIM1 median expression according to the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. (a) OS of HCC patients with grade II grouped by PRIM1 expression. (b) OS of stage I and II HCC patients grouped by PRIM1 expression. (c) OS of HCC patients with stage II+III grouped by PRIM1 expression. PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; OS: overall survival.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The ROC curve analysis of PRIM1 in HCC. ROC: receiver operating characteristic; PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma.
Figure 7
Figure 7
GSEA identifies PRIM1-related oncogenic signaling pathways in HCC. PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Correlation between TIICs and PRIM1 expression in HCC. PRIM1: DNA Primase Subunit 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; TIICs: tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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