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Review
. 2020 Sep 8;21(18):6573.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21186573.

An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism

Federica Saponaro  1 , Alessandro Saba  1 , Riccardo Zucchi  1
Affiliations
Review

An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism

Federica Saponaro et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone classically involved in the calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis. Recently, new and interesting aspects of vitamin D metabolism has been elucidated, namely the special role of the skin, the metabolic control of liver hydroxylase CYP2R1, the specificity of 1α-hydroxylase in different tissues and cell types and the genomic, non-genomic and epigenomic effects of vitamin D receptor, which will be addressed in the present review. Moreover, in the last decades, several extraskeletal effects which can be attributed to vitamin D have been shown. These beneficial effects will be here summarized, focusing on the immune system and cardiovascular system.

Keywords: 1,25(OH)2D; 25OH-vitamin D; VDR; vitamin D; vitamin D receptor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Crucial steps in vitamin D metabolism.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Tissue specific regulation of CYP27B1. In each box factors that stimulate (+) or inhibit (−) CYP27B1 are represented.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pleiotropic effects of calcitriol on immune system and cardiovascular system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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