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. 2017 Apr 13;20(1):227.
doi: 10.4081/ripppo.2017.227.

The Italian Version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Validation in Students, Community, and Clinical Groups

Giorgio Falgares  1 , Sandro De Santis  2 , Salvatore Gullo  3 , Danilo Carrozzino  4 , Daniela Marchetti  4 , Maria Cristina Verrocchio  4 , Gianluca Lo Coco  1 , Daniel Kopala-Sibley  5 , Osmano Oasi  6
Affiliations

The Italian Version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Validation in Students, Community, and Clinical Groups

Giorgio Falgares et al. Res Psychother. .

Abstract

The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Italian validation of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), conceived as a measure of self-criticism and dependency, i.e. two personality factors acting, according to Blatt (2004), as risk factors for depression in particular and psychopathology in general. A series of standardized measures [Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), DEQ, Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, 3rd edition (MCMI-III)] was administered to three samples (i.e., students, community and clinical). Factorial validity was evaluated along with convergent and predictive validity. In order to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency, a specific subgroup of participants was retested on the DEQ and BDI-II. Results showed correlations between DEQ dimensions and some personality traits of the MCMI-III. The traditional three-factor model of the DEQ structure as identified by principal component analysis appears to be as stable factors as typically found in American samples, although some items showed elevated cross-loading or low loadings on any factor. Clinical and diagnostic implications of the findings will be discussed.

Keywords: Depressive Experiences Questionnaire; Italian validation; Personality.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: the authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Interaction effect for dependency (A), efficacy (B), and self-criticism (C).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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