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. 2021 May;25(5):2619-2631.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03573-1. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

Dental development in patients with and without unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP): a case control study

Julie Van Dyck  1 , Giacomo Begnoni  1 , Guy Willems  1 , Annouschka Laenen  2 , Patrick Thevissen  3 , Anna Verdonck  1 , Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula  4
Affiliations

Dental development in patients with and without unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP): a case control study

Julie Van Dyck et al. Clin Oral Investig. 2021 May.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate if the presence of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) causes delay in dental age and tooth development.

Materials and methods: Panoramic radiographs of 189 non-syndromic UCLP patients, aged from 6 to 20 years, were collected. Two measures of tooth development were examined: dental maturity scale for the seven left mandibular teeth (dental age-DA) and the degree of each tooth development (developmental score-DS). All the teeth except third molars were staged according to the Demirjian's method. The data of the cleft group were compared with a control group matched for age and gender, based on the findings observed in other 189 panoramic radiographs.

Results: At all ages, DA was lower in the UCLP group, but not always significantly; the highest difference was - 1.411 for females at 13 years old and - 0.776 for males at 12 years old. DS of all teeth was significantly lower in the UCLP group, at all ages under 17 in females, and at all ages under 18 in males. In UCLP group, tooth development was more delayed in the maxilla compared with the mandible. No evidence of a slower development at the cleft side compared with the non-cleft side was highlighted.

Conclusions: Significant lower dental development was observed in UCLP patients compared with control ones by using DS and DA indexes.

Clinical relevance: These findings can help the clinicians in establishing a proper orthodontic and surgical diagnosis and treatment planning in UCLP patients and for forensic age estimation's purposes.

Keywords: Cleft lip and palate; Dental age; Panoramic radiograph; Tooth development.

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