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. 2020 Sep 9;5(3):48.
doi: 10.3390/geriatrics5030048.

Habitual Aerobic Exercise Diminishes the Effects of Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice Prone8 Model

Kai Aoki  1 , Masaki Konno  1 , Katsunari Honda  2 , Takuya Abe  3 , Takeshi Nagata  4 , Masaaki Takehara  5 , Takehito Sugasawa  6 , Kazuhiro Takekoshi  6 , Hajime Ohmori  2
Affiliations

Habitual Aerobic Exercise Diminishes the Effects of Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice Prone8 Model

Kai Aoki et al. Geriatrics (Basel). .

Abstract

Loss of muscle mass and strength are progressing with aging. Exercise is a beneficial method to prevent physical dysfunction, and habitual exercise can improve the muscle quality. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of long-term habitual exercise's impact on sarcopenia utilizing the senescence-accelerated mice prone8 (SAMP8) model. Notably, 27 w SAMP8 were used in this study. Mice were classified into 28 (28 w) and 44 weeks old. The 44-week group was divided into the sedentary group (44 w) and a group exercising for 16 weeks (44 w + Ex). The 44 w + Ex performed habitual exercise from 28 to 44 weeks. Additionally, grip strength tests were performed with mice aged 28 and 44 weeks. Muscles were harvested and measured muscle weight at 44 w. Gastrocnemius decreased in 44 w, but was unchanged in 44 w + Ex. There was a trend for lower muscle grip strength in the 44 w group, but there was no change in 44 w + Ex. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and p70S6K as a protein synthesis marker were decreased in 44 w. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (CoxIV) mRNA and protein levels decreased in 44 w. These results suggested that long-term habitual exercise attenuates muscle mass and strength decline, possibly through maintenance of muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial maintenance.

Keywords: SAMP8; aging; habitual exercise; sarcopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Body weight in each group. Body weights were measured before euthanasia at each time point. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Muscle weight and Grip strength. (A) Muscle mass in each group. (B) Relative muscle mass. (C) Relative Grip strength. Muscle weights were measured at each time point. The grip strength reflected a muscle strength index of all four limbs and was conducted using a small animal grip measurement device. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9). Single asterisk indicates significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Muscle weight and Grip strength. (A) Muscle mass in each group. (B) Relative muscle mass. (C) Relative Grip strength. Muscle weights were measured at each time point. The grip strength reflected a muscle strength index of all four limbs and was conducted using a small animal grip measurement device. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9). Single asterisk indicates significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The phosphorylation level of Akt (Ser473) and p70S6K in gastrocnemius muscle. Total protein was extracted from gastrocnemius muscle and both proteins were analyzed by Western Blot analysis. Akt: Protein kinase B, p70S6K: 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. 28 week old (28 w), 44 week old (44 w) and exercise (44 w + Ex). Values are means ± SE (n = 6). Double asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.01). Single asterisk indicates significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Genes and protein expressions related to mitochondrial function in gastrocnemius muscle. Genes expression level, related to mitochondrial function. Values are means ± SE (n = 7–9). Proteins expression level, related to mitochondrial function. Values are means ± SE (n = 6). 28 week old (28 w), 44 week old (44 w) and exercise (44 w + Ex). Single asterisk indicates significant differences (p < 0.05).
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