REPLY: OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES VERSUS RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS: A BIG MATCH!

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Francesco Formica. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Mar.

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. 2022 Mar;163(3):e238-e239.

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.039. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

¹ Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

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Unmeasured, unknown, and hidden: Confounders are not always in plain sight.
Tam DY, Makhdoum A, Cohen DJ. Tam DY, et al. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Mar;163(3):e237-e238. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.07.095. Epub 2020 Nov 26. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022. PMID: 33248679 No abstract available.