The effects of dry-land strength training on competitive sprinter swimmers

Abstract

Background/objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of eight weeks of dry-land strength combined with swimming training on the development of upper and lower body strength, jumping ability, and swimming performance in competitive sprinter swimmers.

Methods: Twenty (14 men and 6 women) university swimmers of national-level (age: 20.55 ± 1.76 years, body mass: 68.86 ± 7.69 kg, height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m, 100 m front crawl: 71.08 ± 6.71s, 50 m front crawl: 31.70 ± 2.45s) were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (EG: 11) and control group (CG: 9). In addition to the usual in-water training (3-4 sessions per week of ∼80 min), the EG performed 8 weeks (one session per week) of strength-training (ST). The ST included bench press, full squat, countermovement jumping, countermovement jumping with free-arm movement, and the medical ball throwing. Stroke length, stroke frequency, stroke index, and swimming velocity were recorded during 50 and 100 m front crawl time-trials. Strength and swimming performance were evaluated before and after 8 weeks of training.

Results: The results showed a significant improvement in sprint performance (50 m: p < 0.01, d = 0.47; 100 m: p < 0.05, d = 0.42), stroke frequency (50 m: p < 0.01, d = 0.90) and stroke index (100 m: p < 0.01, d = 0.29) in the EG. Despite both groups' increased strength performance, increases in bench press were higher in the EG (p < 0.001, d = 0.75) than CG (p = 0.05, d = 0.34).

Conclusions: Complementing in-water training with strength training seems to be relevant to improve upper body strength and to optimize 50 m and 100 m swimming performance, adapting technical patterns used during all-out swimming.

Keywords: Exercises; Kinematics; Swimming; Transfer; performance.

Fig. 1

Percentage variation in variables with significant interaction, for performance, technique and strength. BP = Bench Press; First 50 m (s) = first pass at 50–100 m front crawl; 2nd 50 m = second pass at 50–100 m front crawl; SF=Stroke Frequency; SL=Stroke length; SI=Swim index; 1st 25 m (s) = first pass at 25–50 m front crawl.