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Review
. 2019 Apr 14;11(2):105-117.
doi: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1604575.

Mycotoxin production by three different toxigenic fungi genera on formulated abalone feed and the effect of an aquatic environment on fumonisins

Mariska Riana Greeff-Laubscher  1 , Ilze Beukes  2 , Gert Johannes Marais  3 , Karin Jacobs  1
Affiliations
Review

Mycotoxin production by three different toxigenic fungi genera on formulated abalone feed and the effect of an aquatic environment on fumonisins

Mariska Riana Greeff-Laubscher et al. Mycology. .

Abstract

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various filamentous fungi, of which Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium are the three main genera. Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most dominant toxigenic fungal species, associated with fumonisin contamination in grain-based feeds, such as compound abalone feed. Mycotoxin production is influenced by temperature and available nutrients. In this study the aims were: to determine if abalone feed as growth substrate favours mycotoxin production for toxigenic fungi; to determine the most effective temperature for fumonisin production by F. verticillioides on abalone feed; and to assess the effect of the aquatic environment on fumonisin-contaminated abalone feed. A total of 93 fungal isolates were inoculated onto abalone feed, including species belonging to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Feed inoculated with F. verticillioides were incubated at two different temperatures and fumonisin-contaminated feed was submerged into seawater for 24 h. Results showed that mycotoxins were produced when abalone feed was inoculated with toxigenic fungi, and that F. verticillioides produced higher concentrations of fumonisins at a lower temperature. Submerging fumonisin-contaminated feed in seawater showed that this toxin leached into the seawater, lowering the risk of fumonisins to be consumed by abalone.

Keywords: Aspergillus; Fusarium; Mycotoxins; Penicillium; abalone; feed.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Fumonisin production on abalone feed over 10 weeks at 16°C (left) and 26°C (right), top to bottom FB1, FB2, and FB3.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Total fumonisin concentrations in water (left) measured at four different times and in abalone feed (right), measured before water exposure and after 24 h of exposure to autoclaved seawater.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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