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. 2019;5(1):321-335.
doi: 10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.90. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Non-Therapeutic Laser Retinal Injury

Patrick W Commiskey  1 , Curtis J Heisel  1 , Yannis M Paulus  1   2
Affiliations

Non-Therapeutic Laser Retinal Injury

Patrick W Commiskey et al. Int J Ophthalmic Res. 2019.

Abstract

Background: As lasers have become an increasingly important component of commercial, industrial, military, and medical applications, reported incidents of non-therapeutic laser eye injuries have increased. The retina is particularly vulnerable due to the focusing power and optical transparency of the eye. Continued innovations in laser technology will likely mean that lasers will play an increasingly important and ubiquitous role throughout the world. Critical evaluation should thus be paid to ensure that non-therapeutic injuries are minimized, recognized, and treated appropriately.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review on the PubMed database was conducted to present case reports and case series representative of the variety of laser eye injuries in different injury circumstances, tissue types, and biological damage mechanisms.

Results: A general summary of non-therapeutic laser retina injuries is presented, including information about growth of the industry, increasingly accessible online markets, inconsistent international regulation, laser classifications, laser wavelengths, and laser power, mechanisms of tissue injury, and a demonstration of the variety of settings in which injury may occur. Finally, 68 cases found in the literature are summarized to illustrate the presentations and outcomes of these patients.

Conclusions: As non-therapeutic laser eye injuries increase in frequency, there is a greater need for public health, policy, diagnosis, and treatment of these types of injuries.

Keywords: Injury; Laser; Photocoagulation; Retina.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A 5mW green laser pointer used to point astronomical objects. Photograph is courtesy of Creative Commons.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Representation of a variety of handheld, commercial, and medical laser wavelengths i. i Paulausky, C. Laser Safety: The Eyes Have It! Occupational Health & Safety. August 2, 2014. https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2014/08/01/Laser-Safety_0.aspx.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Absorption spectrum of several important ocular pigments i. i Lock JH-J, Fong KCS. An update on retinal laser therapy. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 2010;94(1):43–51.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Histology of photocoagulation from semi-automated pattern scanning retinal photocoagulation (PASCAL) i. i Paulus YM, Kaur K, Egbert PR, Blumenkranz MS, Moshfeghi DM. Human histopathology of PASCAL laser burns. Eye. 2013 Aug 31;27(8):995–6.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Paulus et al. illustrate rabbit histology of healing retina after 532 nm Nd:YAG photocoagulation laser injury demonstrating a permanent chorioretinal scar in moderate burns i. i Paulus YM, Jain A, Gariano RF, et al. Healing of retinal photocoagulation lesions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008; 49(12):5540–5545.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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