Contribution from cross-country skiing, start time and shooting components to the overall and isolated biathlon pursuit race performance

Abstract

Purpose: Biathlon is an Olympic sport combining 3-5 laps of cross-country skiing with rifle shooting, alternating between the prone and standing shooting positions between laps. The individual distance and the sprint are extensively examined whereas the pursuit, with start times based on the sprint results, is unexplored. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the contribution from start time, cross-country skiing time, penalty time, shooting time and range time to the overall and isolated performance in biathlon World Cup pursuit races.

Methods: 38 and 37 stepwise linear regression analyses for each of the races were performed, including 112 and 128 unique athletes where 20 and 13 athletes had more than 20 results within top 30 during the seasons 2011/2012-2015/2016 in men and women, respectively.

Results: Start time (i.e. sprint race performance) together with penalty time, explained ~80% of the performance-variance (R2) in overall pursuit performance in most races (p<0.01). For isolated pursuit performance, penalty time was the most important component, explaining >54% of the performance-variance in the majority of races, followed by course time (accumulated R2 = .91-.92) and shooting time (accumulated R2 = .98-.99) (p<0.01). Approximately the same rankings of factors were found when comparing standardized coefficients and correlation coefficients of the independent variables included in the regression.

Conclusion: Start time (i.e. sprint race performance) is the most important component for overall pursuit performance in biathlon, whereas shooting performance followed by course time are the most important components for the isolated pursuit race performance.

Fig 1. The distribution of overall pursuit winners in biathlon for the different start numbers in the race (i.e. based on results of the sprint race) in the seasons 2011–2015 in men (M) and women (W).