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. 2020 Nov 15;202(10):1460-1462.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3148LE.

Immunomodulators in COVID-19: Two Sides to Every Coin

Timothy A C Snow  1   2 , Mervyn Singer  1   2 , Nishkantha Arulkumaran  1   2
Affiliations

Immunomodulators in COVID-19: Two Sides to Every Coin

Timothy A C Snow et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Summary of biological therapies undergoing randomized controlled trials in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A3AR = adenosine A3 receptor; CAR = chimeric antigen receptor; CCR = C-C chemokine receptor; CSF-1R = colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; CTGF = connective tissue growth factor; DAMP = damage-associated molecular patterns; DHODH = dihydroorotate dehydrogenase; GM-CSF = granulocyte–macrophage colony–stimulating factor; IMP = inosine-5′-monophosphate; IMPDH = inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase; JAK = Janus kinase; L-MOD = leukocyte modulator hemoperfusion; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB = nuclear factor-κB; NLRP-3 = NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; NRP-2 = neuropilin 2; PD-1 = programmed cell death protein 1; PI3K = phosphoinositide 3-kinase; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; STAT = signal transducer and activator of transcription; TREM-1 = triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.
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