Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar;14(1):e12416.
doi: 10.1111/appy.12416. Epub 2020 Sep 14.

Anxiety, depression and marital satisfaction in women with hyperemesis gravidarum: A comparative cross-sectional study in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Malaysia

Wan Asyikin Wan Azlan  1 , Magendra Ramalingam  2 , Rosdinom Razali  1 , Mohamad Farouk Abdullah  2 , Fairuz Nazri Abdul Rahman  1
Affiliations

Anxiety, depression and marital satisfaction in women with hyperemesis gravidarum: A comparative cross-sectional study in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Malaysia

Wan Asyikin Wan Azlan et al. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of vomiting that occurs among pregnant mothers. Due to the nature of HG, pregnant mothers may feel fatigued and burdened by it and questions have been raised about the emergence of psychiatric illness during this period of vulnerability.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), M.I.N.I (MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and ENRICH- EMS (Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness - Marital Satisfaction Scale) were performed in a group of 112 pregnant women.

Results: There were no differences in the prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder among the patient with HG vs comparative group (9% vs 3%, P > 0.05) and depressive disorder in women with HG vs comparative group (16% vs 8%, P > 0.05) respectively. There were associations between HG and gravida, past history of miscarriage, and gestational diabetes (P < 0.05). After adjustment, only past history of gestational diabetes was associated with HG as a protective factor (AOR 0.034 95% CI 0.002-0.181; P = 0.0014). We found that women in the HG group tended to score statistically significantly higher than the comparison group for depressive symptoms in the HADS Depression subscale (P = 0.041).

Discussion: We found no convincing association between HG and anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, and marital satisfaction, but women with HG statistically significantly reported more depressive symptoms than women who were not diagnosed with HG. Psychiatric evaluation should be considered for women with HG.

Keywords: antenatal anxiety; depression; hyperemesis gravidarum; marital satisfaction.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Aamir, I. (2017). Prevalence of depression among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in pakistan. Acta Psychopathologica, 03(05), http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2469-6676.100126.
    1. Abiodun, O. (1994). A validity study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in general hospital units and a community sample in Nigeria. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165(05), 669-672. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.5.669
    1. Aksoy, H., Aksoy, Ü., Karadağ, Ö., Hacimusalar, Y., Açmaz, G., Aykut, G., … Babayiğit, M. (2015). Depression levels in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum: a prospective case-control study. SpringerPlus, 4(1), http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-0820-2.
    1. Austin, K., Wilson, K., & Saha, S. (2018). Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 34(2), 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10205
    1. Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. (2016). Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 62-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014

LinkOut - more resources