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. 2020 Sep 11;9(9):1279.
doi: 10.3390/foods9091279.

Modifications of Gut Microbiota after Grape Pomace Supplementation in Subjects at Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Cross-Over Controlled Clinical Trial

Sara Ramos-Romero  1   2 , Daniel Martínez-Maqueda  3 , Mercè Hereu  1 , Susana Amézqueta  4 , Josep Lluís Torres  1 , Jara Pérez-Jiménez  3
Affiliations

Modifications of Gut Microbiota after Grape Pomace Supplementation in Subjects at Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Cross-Over Controlled Clinical Trial

Sara Ramos-Romero et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Polyphenols are dietary bioactive compounds able to induce modifications in the gut microbiota profile, although more clinical studies are needed. With this aim, a randomized cross-over clinical trial was conducted, where 49 subjects at cardiometabolic risk (exhibiting at least two metabolic syndrome factors) were supplemented with a daily dose of 8 g of grape pomace (GP) for 6 weeks, with an equivalent control (CTL) period. The levels of total bacteria and Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Lactobacilliales, Bacteroides and Prevotella were estimated in fecal DNA by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), while fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed by gas chromatography. Several cardiometabolic markers were evaluated in blood samples. GP reduced insulin levels only in half of the participants (responders). GP supplementation did not cause significant modifications in the microbiota profile of the whole group, except for a tendency (p = 0.059) towards a decrease in the proportion of Lactobacilliales, while it increased the proportion of Bacteroides in non-responder subjects. The reduction of insulin levels in subjects at cardiometabolic risk upon GP supplementation appears not to be induced by changes in the major subgroups of gut microbiota. Further studies at the species level may help to elucidate the possible role of microbiota in GP-induced insulinemic status.

Keywords: grape pomace; insulin sensitivity; metabolic syndrome; microbiota; polyphenols.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Excreted gut bacteria expressed as percentages of total bacteria in feces from subjects at high cardiometabolic risk participating in the clinical trial on grape pomace (GP) supplementation: CTL, control period without supplementation; GP, after GP supplementation; GP-NR, non-responders to GP supplementation; GP-R, responders to GP supplementation. (A,B): Bacteroidetes; (C,D): Firmicutes; (E,F): Lactobacilliales.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Excreted gut bacteria expressed as percentages of total bacteria in feces from subjects at high cardiometabolic risk participating in the clinical trial on grape pomace (GP) supplementation: CTL, control period without supplementation; GP, after GP supplementation; GP-NR, non-responders to GP supplementation; GP-R, responders to GP supplementation. (A,B): Bacteroidetes; (C,D): Firmicutes; (E,F): Lactobacilliales.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Excreted gut bacteria expressed as percentages of total bacteria in feces from subjects at high cardiometabolic risk participating in the clinical trial on grape pomace (GP) supplementation: CTL, control period without supplementation; GP, after GP supplementation; GP-NR, non-responders to GP supplementation; GP-R, responders to GP supplementation. (A,B): Bacteroides; (C,D): Prevotella. *, p-value < 0.05; **, p-value < 0.01.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Excreted gut bacteria expressed as percentages of total bacteria in feces from subjects at high cardiometabolic risk participating in the clinical trial on grape pomace (GP) supplementation: CTL, control period without supplementation; GP, after GP supplementation; GP-NR, non-responders to GP supplementation; GP-R, responders to GP supplementation. (A,B): Bacteroides; (C,D): Prevotella. *, p-value < 0.05; **, p-value < 0.01.
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