Noninvasive Tests (NITs) for Hepatic Fibrosis in Fatty Liver Syndrome

doi:10.3390/life10090198

Review

. 2020 Sep 13;10(9):198.

doi: 10.3390/life10090198.

Noninvasive Tests (NITs) for Hepatic Fibrosis in Fatty Liver Syndrome

Ma Ai Thanda Han^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, H-532, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
² Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

PMID: 32933184
PMCID: PMC7555355
DOI: 10.3390/life10090198

Review

Noninvasive Tests (NITs) for Hepatic Fibrosis in Fatty Liver Syndrome

Ma Ai Thanda Han. Life (Basel). 2020.

. 2020 Sep 13;10(9):198.

doi: 10.3390/life10090198.

Author

Ma Ai Thanda Han^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, H-532, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
² Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

PMID: 32933184
PMCID: PMC7555355
DOI: 10.3390/life10090198

Abstract

Fatty liver syndrome is an emerging health problem in the world, due to the high prevalence of obesity and alcohol use disorder. Given the nature of the disease's advancement to cirrhosis and liver-related complications, it is important to assess the severity of the disease, which is typically done via a liver biopsy. Due to the limitations and risks of liver biopsy, the role of noninvasive tests is essential and evolving to stratify the stage of the liver disease, predict the outcomes, and/or monitor the treatment response. This review is focused on noninvasive tests, including the use of serum-based biomarkers, ultrasound-based shear wave elastography, transient elastography, and magnetic resonance elastography in both clinical and research settings.

Keywords: alcoholic liver disease; fatty liver syndrome; hepatic fibrosis; hepatic steatosis; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Algorithm to assess hepatic fibrosis. NFS = NAFLD fibrosis score, AAR = AST/ALT ratio, TE = transient Elastography, MRE = magnetic resonance elastography. Figure 1 is adapted from previously published articles.

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References

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1. Chalasani N.P., Younossi Z.M., LaVine J.E., Charlton M., Cusi K., Rinella M., Harrison S.A., Brunt E.M., Sanyal A.J. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2017;67:328–357. doi: 10.1002/hep.29367. - DOI - PubMed
1. Parikh N., Marrero W.J., Wang J., Steuer J., Tapper E.B., Konerman M.A., Singal A.G., Hutton D.W., Byon E., Lavieri M.S. Projected increase in obesity and non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-related liver transplantation waitlist additions in the United States. Hepatology. 2018;70:487–495. doi: 10.1002/hep.29473. - DOI - PubMed
1. Singal A.K., Bataller R., Ahn J., Kamath P.S., Shah V.H. ACG Clinical Guideline: Alcoholic Liver Disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2018;113:175–194. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2017.469. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Angulo P., Kleiner D.E., Dam-Larsen S., Adams L.A., Björnsson E.S., Charatcharoenwitthaya P., Mills P.R., Keach J.C., Lafferty H.D., Stahler A., et al. Liver Fibrosis, but No Other Histologic Features, Is Associated With Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:389–397.e10. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.043. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Barritt A.S., Jiang Y., Schmidt M., Hayashi P.H., Bataller R. Charges for Alcoholic Cirrhosis Exceed All Other Etiologies of Cirrhosis Combined: A National and State Inpatient Survey Analysis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2019;64:1460–1469. doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-5471-7. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Barritt A.S., Jiang Y., Schmidt M., Hayashi P.H., Bataller R. Charges for Alcoholic Cirrhosis Exceed All Other Etiologies of Cirrhosis Combined: A National and State Inpatient Survey Analysis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2019;64:1460–1469. doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-5471-7. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Chalasani N.P., Younossi Z.M., LaVine J.E., Charlton M., Cusi K., Rinella M., Harrison S.A., Brunt E.M., Sanyal A.J. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2017;67:328–357. doi: 10.1002/hep.29367. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Chalasani N.P., Younossi Z.M., LaVine J.E., Charlton M., Cusi K., Rinella M., Harrison S.A., Brunt E.M., Sanyal A.J. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2017;67:328–357. doi: 10.1002/hep.29367. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Parikh N., Marrero W.J., Wang J., Steuer J., Tapper E.B., Konerman M.A., Singal A.G., Hutton D.W., Byon E., Lavieri M.S. Projected increase in obesity and non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-related liver transplantation waitlist additions in the United States. Hepatology. 2018;70:487–495. doi: 10.1002/hep.29473. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Parikh N., Marrero W.J., Wang J., Steuer J., Tapper E.B., Konerman M.A., Singal A.G., Hutton D.W., Byon E., Lavieri M.S. Projected increase in obesity and non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-related liver transplantation waitlist additions in the United States. Hepatology. 2018;70:487–495. doi: 10.1002/hep.29473. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Singal A.K., Bataller R., Ahn J., Kamath P.S., Shah V.H. ACG Clinical Guideline: Alcoholic Liver Disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2018;113:175–194. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2017.469. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Singal A.K., Bataller R., Ahn J., Kamath P.S., Shah V.H. ACG Clinical Guideline: Alcoholic Liver Disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2018;113:175–194. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2017.469. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Angulo P., Kleiner D.E., Dam-Larsen S., Adams L.A., Björnsson E.S., Charatcharoenwitthaya P., Mills P.R., Keach J.C., Lafferty H.D., Stahler A., et al. Liver Fibrosis, but No Other Histologic Features, Is Associated With Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:389–397.e10. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.043. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Angulo P., Kleiner D.E., Dam-Larsen S., Adams L.A., Björnsson E.S., Charatcharoenwitthaya P., Mills P.R., Keach J.C., Lafferty H.D., Stahler A., et al. Liver Fibrosis, but No Other Histologic Features, Is Associated With Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:389–397.e10. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.043. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Noninvasive Tests (NITs) for Hepatic Fibrosis in Fatty Liver Syndrome

Affiliations

Noninvasive Tests (NITs) for Hepatic Fibrosis in Fatty Liver Syndrome

Author

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

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Cited by

References

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

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References

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