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Review
. 2020 Sep 14;12(9):2622.
doi: 10.3390/cancers12092622.

Epigenetic Associations between lncRNA/circRNA and miRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Tae-Su Han  1 , Keun Hur  2 , Hyun-Soo Cho  1 , Hyun Seung Ban  1
Affiliations
Review

Epigenetic Associations between lncRNA/circRNA and miRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Tae-Su Han et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

The three major members of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), named microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Recently, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation model described lncRNA/circRNA as a sponge for miRNAs to indirectly regulate miRNA downstream target genes. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ceRNA regulatory networks are associated with biological processes in HCC, including cancer cell growth, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries, which are specific ceRNA regulatory networks (lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) in HCC and discuss their clinical significance.

Keywords: circular RNA; competing endogenous RNA; hepatocellular carcinoma; long non-coding RNA; microRNA.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MicroRNA biogenesis. The primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) is transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). The microprocessor complex, Drosha and DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8 (DGCR8), cleaves the pri-miRNA to produce the precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA). The pre-miRNA translocates to the cytoplasm in an Exportin-5/RnaGTP-dependent manner. TAR RNA-binding protein (TRBP) and Dicer1 cleave the pre-miRNA to produce the mature miRNA duplex. The 5p or 3p of the miRNA duplex is loaded into the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). Finally, the miRISC binds to target mRNAs to induce translational repression or mRNA decay.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biogenesis of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA, top left), circular RNA (circRNA, bottom left), microRNA (miRNA, right), and the role of lnc/circRNA as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs, center). Different types of ceRNAs including lncRNA and circRNA regulate the miRNA target mRNA expression by competing for miRNA binding.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of lnc/circRNAs serving as ceRNAs in HCC. The upregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) sponge target microRNAs (miRNAs), which results in increased expression of target genes. The downregulated lncRNAs and circRNAs sponge target miRNAs, which results in decreased expression of target genes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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