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. 2020 Aug 27:964:1-30.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.964.51554. eCollection 2020.

Heteroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae) spiders from Hispaniola: the discovery of ten new species

Nadine Dupérré  1 , Charlotte Francisco  2 , Ella Santana-Propper  2 , Ingi Agnarsson  3   4 , Greta J Binford  2
Affiliations

Heteroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae) spiders from Hispaniola: the discovery of ten new species

Nadine Dupérré et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

The Caribbean biodiversity hotspot harbors vast reserves of undiscovered species. A large-scale inventory of Caribbean arachnids (CarBio) is uncovering new species across the arachnid tree of life, and allowing inference of the evolutionary history that has generated this diversity. Herein we describe ten new species of Heteroonops (Oonopidae, or goblin spiders), from Hispaniola: H. scapula sp. nov., H. jurassicus sp. nov., H. aylinalegreae sp. nov., H. verruca sp. nov., H. renebarbai sp. nov., H. yuma sp. nov., H. carlosviquezi sp. nov., H. gabrielsantosi sp. nov., H. solanllycarreroae sp. nov. and H. constanza sp. nov. The occurrence of the pantropical type species Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1891) is reported and new localities are given for: H. validus (Bryant, 1948), H. vega (Platnick & Dupérré, 2009) and H. castelloides (Platnick & Dupérré, 2009). Molecular phylogenies indicate substantial genetic divergence separating these taxa. This work adds to evidence that the depth of diversity in the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot is particularly striking for tiny taxa living in leaf litter.

Keywords: Caribbean biogeography; Goblin spiders; biodiversity hotspot; molecular phylogeny.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Summary phylogeny of the included species rendering support for the monophyly (multiple samples per species) or exclusivity (single specimens) of each species dealt with here. Species color scheme equals that on map in Figure 40. New species are highlighted in bold. Thick branches have >95% posterior probability support, thin branches have >75% posterior probability support. Scale bar indicates the number of expected changes on branches. Inset photo of female H. jurassicus sp. nov. For more detailed specimen-level phylogeny see Suppl. material 1.
Figures 2–5.
Figures 2–5.
Heteroonops scapula sp. nov. Male (2, 3), female (4, 5). 2 Palp, prolateral view 3 palp, apical view 4 epigynal region, ventral view 5 internal genitalia dorsal view.
Figures 6–9.
Figures 6–9.
Heteroonops jurassicus sp. nov. Male (6, 7), female (8, 9). 6 Palp, prolateral view 7 palp, apical view 8 epigynal region, ventral view 9 internal genitalia, dorsal view.
Figures 10–13.
Figures 10–13.
Heteroonops aylinalegreae sp. nov. Male (10, 11), female (12, 13). 10 Palp, prolateral view 11 palp, apical view 12 epigynal region, ventral view 13 internal genitalia, dorsal view.
Figures 14–18.
Figures 14–18.
Heteroonops verruca sp. nov. Male (14–16), female (17, 18). 14 Palp, prolateral view 15 palp, apical view 16 palp, retrolateral view 17 epigynal region, ventral view 18 internal genitalia, dorsal view.
Figures 19, 20.
Figures 19, 20.
Heteroonops renebarbai sp. nov. Male. 19 Palp, prolateral view 20 palp, apical view.
Figures 21, 22.
Figures 21, 22.
Heteroonops yuma sp. nov. Female. 21 Epigynal region, ventral view 22 internal genitalia, dorsal view.
Figures 23–27.
Figures 23–27.
Heteroonops carlosviquezi sp. nov., female (23–25). Heteroonops gabrielsantosi sp. nov., female (27). 23 Epigynal region, ventral view 24 internal genitalia, dorsal view 25 abdomen, dorsal view 26 epigynal region, ventral view 27 internal genitalia, dorsal view.
Figures 28, 29.
Figures 28, 29.
Heteroonops solanllycarreroae sp. nov.. Female. 28 Epigynal region, ventral view 29 internal genitalia, dorsal view.
Figures 30–33.
Figures 30–33.
Heteroonops constanza sp. nov. Male (30, 31), female (32, 33). 30 Palp, prolateral view 31 palp, apical view 32 epigynal region, ventral view 33 internal genitalia, dorsal view.
Figures 34–39.
Figures 34–39.
Male endites, ventral view. 34Heteroonops scapula sp. nov. 35Heteroonops jurassicus sp. nov. 36Heteroonops aylinalegreae sp. nov. 37Heteroonops verruca sp. nov. 38Heteroonops renebarbai sp. nov. 39Heteroonops constanza sp. nov.
Figure 40.
Figure 40.
Distribution map of all Heteroonops species found in Hispaniola.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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