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. 2020 Jun 12;4(3):453-463.
doi: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.03.003. eCollection 2020 Sep.

An interpopulation comparison of 3-dimensional morphometric measurements of the proximal humerus

Adijat O Inyang  1 , Stephen Roche  2 , Sudesh Sivarasu  1
Affiliations

An interpopulation comparison of 3-dimensional morphometric measurements of the proximal humerus

Adijat O Inyang et al. JSES Int. .

Abstract

Background: Precise anatomic reconstruction of the proximal humerus is essential to a favorable outcome of total shoulder arthroplasty. Because of the wide variation in the geometric features of the proximal humerus, prosthetic designs incorporating these disparities are being developed.

Methods: The aim of this study is to use data obtained from cadavers and computed tomographic scans to investigate the 3-dimensional morphometric parameters of the proximal humerus of South African and Swiss samples and make an interpopulation comparison. In addition, the study combines the interarticular variations between populations with the differences in sex and shoulder sides. With the aid of medical imaging techniques and engineering design tools, various geometric features were measured.

Results: The results obtained from these analyses revealed several differences in sex and shoulder sides. On average, the Swiss were larger in most of the measured parameters than the South Africans. The male shoulders of Swiss and South Africans were observed to significantly vary in 4 of the parameters measured. The South African male and female right shoulders varied considerably in one-fourth of the measured shoulder variables. Generally, for both populations, the left and right shoulders of the same individuals were not different in all the measured variables irrespective of sex.

Conclusion: The knowledge acquired in this study is expected to assist in the development of a population-specific shoulder prosthetic design and surgical planning procedures.

Keywords: Shoulder; arthroplasty; humerus; morphometry; population; prosthesis; race; sex.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Three-dimensional reconstructed geometric models of the proximal humerus showing the (a) axes, (b) planes, (c) measurements characterizing the proximal humerus geometry, (d) posterior offset, and (e) retroversion angles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Summary of the distributions of all the measured variables using standardized values. HHD, humeral head diameter; ASD, articular surface diameter; AST, articular surface thickness; IA, inclination angle; RA1, retroversion angle 1; RA2, retroversion angle 2; PO, posterior offset; MO, medial offset.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Box plots illustrating how the measured variables compare between South Africans and Swiss subjects. The P values were obtained from unpaired t tests to verify the hypotheses of equal mean values. SA, South African.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Summaries of interpopulation comparisons with respect to sex. The P values were obtained from t tests to verify the hypothesis of equal mean values. F, female; M, male.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Parametric and visual summaries of the interpopulation comparisons of the measurements. The P values were recorded from paired t tests designed to verify the null hypothesis that left shoulders were equal to right shoulders, on average. L, left; R, right; SA, South African.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation plot of the linear relationship between all pairs of the continuous measurements. HHD, humeral head diameter; ASD, articular surface diameter; AST, articular surface thickness; IA, inclination angle; RA1, retroversion angle 1; RA2, retroversion angle 2; PO, posterior offset; MO, medial offset.
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