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Review
. 2020 Jul 13;91(8-S):71-80.
doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i8-S.9974.

Basic embolization techniques: tips and tricks

Anna Maria Ierardi  1 , Filippo Piacentino  2 , Filippo Pesapane  3 , Aldo Carnevale  4 , Marco Curti  2 , Federico Fontana  2 , Massimo Venturini  2 , Antonio Pinto  5 , Francesco Gentili  6 , Susanna Guerrini  7 , Massimo De Filippo  8 , Melchiore Giganti  9 , Gianpaolo Carrafiello  10
Affiliations
Review

Basic embolization techniques: tips and tricks

Anna Maria Ierardi et al. Acta Biomed. .

Abstract

Good knowledge of the various approaches of embolization of peripheral bleedings and different embolic materials available is of paramount importance for successful and safe embolization. We review and illustrate the main endovascular and percutaneous techniques used for embolization, along with the characteristics of the different embolic materials, and the potential complications.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare that they have no commercial associations (e.g. consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangement etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
CT coronal view shows pseudoaneurysm (PSA) after nephrostomy (a); arteriogram confirms PSA and reveals an artero-venous fistula also (b); final angiogram after embolization with coil (c).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
selective arteriogram of the right hypertrophic bronchial artery (a); final angiogram after embolization performed with particles (b).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
52 years old female with incidental finding of distal splenic artery aneurysm. Axial CT acquisition shows a distal splenic artery aneurysm with a diameter of cm 3 (a); Digital Substruction Angiography (DSA) confirms the arterial dilation of the distal part of the splenic artery (b). Super-selective arteriogram performed with microcatheter with the distal end inside the aneurysmal sac (c). Single shot acquisition demonstrates coils compacted in the aneurysm (d). Post procedural DSA corfims regular patency of the splenic artery with the complete exclusion of the distal splenic artery aneurysm (e).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
small pseudoaneurysm (PSA) of the profunda femoral artery (white arrow,a); angiogram at the end of the embolization with sandwich technique performed with 2 microcoils (white arrows, b); single shot confirms the presence of 2 coils (white arrows, c).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
CT scan reveals gastric pseudoaneurysm (PSA) (a); arteriogram of the celiac trunk shows occlusion of the splenic artery and the PSA filled by small vessels, impossible to catheterize (b); contrast medium remained in the PSA (white arrow,c); percutaneous puncture was performed under fluoroscopic guidance (d); glue was used as embolic agent (e); CT was performed to check the complete embolization of the PSA (black arrow, f).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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