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. 2020 Jan;62(1):e12167.
doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12167.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases risk associated with the incidence of presenteeism and the costs of presenteeism

Koki Kimura  1 , Tomohisa Nagata  1 , Makoto Ohtani  2 , Masako Nagata  1   2 , Shigeyuki Kajiki  1 , Yoshihisa Fujino  3 , Koji Mori  1
Affiliations

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases risk associated with the incidence of presenteeism and the costs of presenteeism

Koki Kimura et al. J Occup Health. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate a risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for each worker and to determine whether this risk is associated with the incidence and costs of presenteeism, absenteeism, and medical/drug treatments.

Methods: Established risk equations were used to estimate the 10-year probability of developing coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke in male workers aged 40-65 years who were recruited from four pharmaceutical companies in Japan. The incidence of presenteeism was defined as existence of presenteeism for the past a month, and the incidence of absenteeism was defined as existence of sick-leave for the past three months by a self-administered questionnaire. Each cost was calculated based on the human capital method. Data on medical/drug treatments were collected from health insurance claims.

Results: The risks were calculated for 6047 workers. Individuals at moderate and high risk of coronary artery disease had a significantly higher rate of presenteeism and absenteeism than workers at low risk. Workers at moderate and high risk of ischemic stroke also had a significantly higher rate of presenteeism and absenteeism than workers at low risk. Mean costs for absenteeism and medical/drug treatments increased with the risk of developing coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke, while costs for presenteeism did not.

Conclusions: To prevent the costs of presenteeism, workers not only at high risk but also at low and moderate risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should receive health care services.

Keywords: absenteeism; coronary artery disease; cost; ischemic stroke; presenteeism; risk equation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Approval of the research protocol: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan, and was conducted in full accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent: We explained the study protocol and obtained opt‐out consent. Registry and the registration no. of the study/trial: N/A. Animal Studies: N/A. Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean costs of absenteeism, presenteeism, and medical/drug treatments per person per year (Japanese Yen in 2014) stratified by risk of coronary artery disease. **P < .01; ***P < .001
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean costs of absenteeism, presenteeism, and medical/drug treatments per person per year (Japanese Yen in 2014) stratified by risk of ischemic stroke. **P < .01; ***P < .001
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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