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. 2020 Feb 24;8(7):2973-2980.
doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b07593. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Sized-Controlled ZIF-8 Nanoparticle Synthesis from Recycled Mother Liquors: Environmental Impact Assessment

Marta García-Palacín  1 , José Ignacio Martínez  1 , Lorena Paseta  1 , Adam Deacon  2 , Timothy Johnson  3 , Magdalena Malankowska  1 , Carlos Téllez  1 , Joaquín Coronas  1
Affiliations

Sized-Controlled ZIF-8 Nanoparticle Synthesis from Recycled Mother Liquors: Environmental Impact Assessment

Marta García-Palacín et al. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. .

Abstract

The effect of different deprotonators as well as washing steps and drying procedure on the synthesis of ZIF-8 from the mother liquor was investigated. The morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity, and surface area of the synthesized MOF were investigated. In addition, life-cycle assessment (LCA) or, in other words, eco-balance, was implemented as well. LCA compares the full range of environmental effects associated with the product by evaluating all inputs and outputs of material flows and predicting how such flow will affect the environment. ZIF-8 nanocrystals were synthesized from the recycled mother liquors using NaOH or NH4OH thus preserving the main characteristics of the ZIF-8 nanoparticles derived from the initial synthesis. The rest of the characterization methods confirmed the suitability of the synthesis methodology considering the phase purity of the obtained ZIF-8 and nanometer size particles. This procedure enabled us not only to obtain phase pure ZIF-8 but also to substantially decrease the amount of solvent used for washing making it a sustainable process.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Synthesis of ZIF-8.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of the recycle of mother liquor.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD pattern and subsequent Rietveld refinement of ZIF-8 produced from fresh synthesis solution.
Figure 4
Figure 4
ZIF-8 synthesis and products A.2-A.4 using NaOH as base: (A) XRD patterns; (B) TGA curves.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Particle size distributions of the (A) synthesis, (B) product A.2, (C) product A.3, and (D) product A.4.
Figure 6
Figure 6
ZIF-8 synthesis and products B.1-B.2 using NH4OH as base: (A) XRD patterns; (B) TGA curves.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Particle size distribution of the (A) product B.1 and (B) product B.2.
Figure 8
Figure 8
SEM images of ZIF-8 from original synthesis (ZIF-8) and products A.2, A.3, A.4, B.1, and B.2 synthesized from mother liquors.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Green metrics in ZIF-8 synthesis, ideal and recycled ZIF-8 from procedure A.3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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