The centriolar cartwheel structure: symmetric, stacked, and polarized

Abstract

An accurate centriolar structure is crucial for organelle function, necessitating the existence of molecular mechanisms for the tight control of centriole assembly. Formation of an initial scaffold, the cartwheel, assists the correct placement of centriolar proteins during assembly and templates key structural parameters of the organelle. Past work illustrated how cartwheel and centriolar symmetry are linked, and grounded organelle symmetry and diameter to the properties of the centriolar protein SAS-6. However, questions remained over how centriole polarity and length are controlled. Recent advances in resolving cartwheel structure and cell biology showed that these assemblies are polarized and that their length is under the control of a homeostatic mechanism. These cartwheel properties may, in turn, influence the centriolar polarity and length.