Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Sep 17;13(18):4147.
doi: 10.3390/ma13184147.

Impact of Gadolinium on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Powders of Iron Oxides Produced by the Extraction-Pyrolytic Method

Vera Serga  1   2 , Regina Burve  1   2 , Mikhail Maiorov  3 , Aija Krumina  2 , Ramūnas Skaudžius  4 , Aleksej Zarkov  4 , Aivaras Kareiva  4 , Anatoli I Popov  1   5
Affiliations

Impact of Gadolinium on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Powders of Iron Oxides Produced by the Extraction-Pyrolytic Method

Vera Serga et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Interest in magnetic nanoparticles is primarily due to their practical use. In this work, for the production of nanocrystalline powders of pure and gadolinium doped iron oxides, the extraction-pyrolytic method (EPM) was used. As a precursor, either iron-containing extract (iron (III) caproate in caproic acid) or its mixture with gadolinium-containing extract (gadolinium (III) valerate in valeric acid) was used. The mixed precursor contained 0.5 mol %, 2.5 mol %, 12.5 mol %, 50 mol %, and 75 mol % gadolinium in relation to the iron content. The formation of iron oxide phases, depending on the preparation conditions, was investigated. According to the results obtained, it was demonstrated that the presence of more than 2.5 mol % gadolinium additive in the mixed precursor inhibits the magnetite-to-hematite transformation process during thermal treatment. Produced samples were characterized by XRD and SEM methods, and the magnetic properties were studied.

Keywords: coercivity; extraction–pyrolitic method; gadolinium impact; iron oxides; magnetization; nanostructures.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Thermal analysis of Fe-containing extract (precursor 1): 1—HDSC, 2—TG.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD patterns of produced pure iron oxides samples: 1—S1; 2—S2; 3—S3.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD patterns of produced Gd-containing iron oxides samples: 1—S5; 2—S6; 3—S7; 4—S8; 5—S9.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Magnetization loops of samples S1, S2, S3.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Magnetization loops of samples S4, S5.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Magnetization loops of samples S6–S9.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SEM images and EDX spectrum of powders produced at 550 °C: (a–c)—S4 (undoped Fe2O3); (d–f)—S5 (0.5 mol % Gd-doped Fe2O3).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Podkovyrina Y.S., Kremennaya M.A., Soldatov M.A., Soldatov A. Influence of Local Atomic and Electronic Structures of Magnetite on Subtle Effects in HERFD-XANES Spectra. J. Struct. Chem. 2018;59:1362–1367. doi: 10.1134/S002247661806015X. - DOI
    1. Gubin S.P., A Koksharov Y., Khomutov G., Yurkov G.Y. Magnetic nanoparticles: Preparation, structure and properties. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2005;74:489–520. doi: 10.1070/RC2005v074n06ABEH000897. - DOI
    1. Zbořil R., Mashlan M., Petridis D. Iron(III) Oxides from Thermal ProcessesSynthesis, Structural and Magnetic Properties, Mössbauer Spectroscopy Characterization, and Applications. Chem. Mater. 2002;14:969–982. doi: 10.1021/cm0111074. - DOI
    1. Sidhu P.S. Transformation of Trace Element-Substituted Maghemite to Hematite. Clays Clay Miner. 1988;36:31–38. doi: 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360105. - DOI
    1. Haneda K., Morrish A.H. Magnetite to maghemite transformation in ultrafine particles. J. Phys. Colloq. 1977;38:321–323. doi: 10.1051/jphyscol:1977166. - DOI