Patterns of Psychoactive Medication Use in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the US in 2016: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objectives: We aim to quantify any use and long-term use patterns of psychoactive medications and explore differences in use by sociodemographic factors in older adults (60-85 years) using the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Methods: Prevalence estimates of any use and long-term use were calculated. Chi-square and crude odds ratios were calculated to estimate differences in any use and long-term use of psychoactive medication by sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Results: Thirty percent of older adults in the US reported any use of psychoactive medications. Long-term use was significantly higher in women (28.3% [95% confidence interval: 26.5, 30.2]), white (27.8 [26.1, 29.7]), presently unmarried (27.5 [25.4, 29.7]), and low-income (30.3 [27.7, 32.9]) subgroups than in men (20.5 [18.4, 22.5]), Black (14.7 [12.3, 17.1]), presently married (22.8 [20.7, 24.9]), and high-income (21.1 [19.1, 23.1]) subgroups, respectively. Discussion: Despite continued risks associated with use, long-term use of psychoactive medications is prevalent in the older adult population in the US. Given the increased complexity of pharmacotherapy regimens in this population, enhanced efforts at improving use of psychoactive medications should be intensified.

Keywords: Beers criteria; community-dwelling older adults; long-term use; psychotropic drugs.