Approaches for prevention and environmental management of novel COVID-19

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized a novel coronavirus as the causative agent of a new form of pneumonia. It was subsequently named COVID-19 and reported as the source of a respiratory disease occurrence starting in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It has been affirmed a public health emergency of international significance by the World Health Organization. It is regarded as a subset of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); COVID-19 is triggered by a betacoronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which affects the lower respiratory tract and occurs in humans as pneumonia. A variety of drugs, such as remdesivir and favipiravir, are currently undergoing clinical trials to evaluate for the management of COVID-19. The effect of the pandemic as well as the epidemic that follows through the life cycles of various recycled plastic is evaluated, particularly those required for personal safety and health care. In response to the growth in COVID-19 cases worldwide, the energy and environmental impacts of these lifecycle management have risen rapidly. However, significant hazardous waste management concerns arise due to the need to assure the elimination of residual pathogens in household and medical wastes. This review article summarizes the preventive and environmental management of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Environment; Novel coronavirus; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Waste management.

Fig. 1

Stages of transmission of COVID-19

Fig. 2

a Rule of precedence for the care of patients. b The process involved in the generation of aerosols

Fig. 3

Methods to avoid cross-contamination

Fig. 4

a Emergency treatment required for every individual. b Alternative methods required for intensive care patients

Fig. 5

Protective measures to be followed to avoid the spread of COVID-19

Fig. 6

Essential steps for shielding against current coronavirus