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Review
. 2020 Sep 23;8(10):1458.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8101458.

Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overlooked Relationship in Some Regions

Abdulaziz Alhazmi  1   2 , Famara Sane  1 , Mouna Lazrek  1 , Magloire Pandoua Nekoua  1   3 , Francis Badia-Boungou  1 , Ilka Engelmann  1 , Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou  1 , Didier Hober  1
Affiliations
Review

Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overlooked Relationship in Some Regions

Abdulaziz Alhazmi et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Enteroviruses (EVs) infect millions of people annually. EV infections can be asymptomatic or symptomatic with conditions ranging from mild illnesses to serious diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy. A causal relationship between EV infections and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been heavily debated, with some studies suggesting that this relationship is not yet conclusive and requires additional evidence, whereas others strongly argue for this correlation. While this relationship is well investigated in some developed countries like the USA and Finland, it is understudied or neglected in other countries like Russia for many reasons such as the low incidence of T1DM. Although the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are highly affected by T1DM, the role of EVs in the disease in MENA has not been investigated extensively. Therefore, we aimed to address the relationship between T1DM and EVs in MENA and other regions globally.

Keywords: Asia; Cuba; Middle East; North Africa; enterovirus; type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Estimated annual incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children and adolescents (0–14 years) in thousands [15].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Global incidence of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0–14 years [15].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Regions and countries cited in this review.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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