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. 2020 Sep 23;17(19):6959.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17196959.

Pseudomonas fluorescens: A Bioaugmentation Strategy for Oil-Contaminated and Nutrient-Poor Soil

Eduardo Jahir Gutiérrez  1 , María Del Rosario Abraham  2 , Juan Carlos Baltazar  3 , Guadalupe Vázquez  4 , Eladio Delgadillo  4 , David Tirado  4
Affiliations

Pseudomonas fluorescens: A Bioaugmentation Strategy for Oil-Contaminated and Nutrient-Poor Soil

Eduardo Jahir Gutiérrez et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Bioremediation technology is one of the most profitable and sustainable strategies for remediating soils contaminated with hydrocarbons. This study focuses on assessing the influence of biostimulation and bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas fluorescens to contribute to the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of a soil. Laboratory studies were carried out (measurements of emitted CO2, surface tension, and residual TPH) to select the best bioaugmentation and biostimulation treatment. The sources of C, N, and P were glucose-yeast extract, NH4Cl-NaNO3, and K2HPO4-K3PO4, respectively. The effect of culture conditions on the reduction of TPH and respiratory activity was evaluated through a factorial design, 23, in a solid culture system. After 80 days of incubation, it was observed that treatments of yeast extract-NH4Cl-K2HPO4 (Y4) and glucose-NaNO3-K3PO4 (Y5) presented a higher level of TPH removal (20.91% and 20.00% degradation of TPH, respectively). Biostimulation favors the production of biosurfactants, indirectly measured by the change in surface tension in the soil extracts. The treatments Y4 and Y5 showed a lower change value of the surface tension (23.15 and 23.30 mN·m-1 at 25 °C). A positive correlation was determined between the change in surface tension and the removal of TPH; hence there was a contribution of the biosurfactants produced to the removal of hydrocarbons.

Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens; TPH; bioavailability; biodegradation; biosurfactant; surface tension.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), applying different biostimulation treatments. Standard deviation of the means (Ι). “a,A”: The lower case and uppercase letters in parentheses correspond to the differences between means of the LSD and Tukey tests, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Surface tension values for the different treatments. Standard deviation of the means (Ι). “a,A”: The lower case and upper case letters in parentheses correspond to the differences between means of the LSD and Tukey tests, respectively. Electrolyte solution γ = 71.79 mN/m−1 at 25 °C; culture medium γ = 71.93 mN·m−1 at 25 °C.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean CO2 release over 80 days.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Colony-forming units (CFUs) of fungi and bacteria in the biostimulation system. “Ι” indicates the standard deviation of the means.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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