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Review
. 2020 Dec;27(36):44835-44860.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10713-3. Epub 2020 Sep 27.

Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: a critical review

Varinder Singh Kanwar  1 , Ajay Sharma  1 , Arun Lal Srivastav  2 , Lata Rani  3
Affiliations
Review

Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: a critical review

Varinder Singh Kanwar et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Dec.

Erratum in

Abstract

Heavy metals are one of the most hazardous inorganic contaminants of both water and soil environment composition. Normally, heavy metals are non-biodegradable in nature because of their long persistence in the environment. Trace amounts of heavy metal contamination may pose severe health problems in human beings after prolonged consumption. Many instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, etc. have been developed to determine their concentration in water as well as in the soil up to ppm, ppb, or ppt levels. Recent advances in these techniques along with their respective advantages and limitations are being discussed in the present paper. Moreover, some possible remedial phytoremediation approaches (phytostimulation, phytoextraction, phyotovolatilization, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization) have been presented for the removal of the heavy metal contamination from the water and soil environments.

Keywords: Heavy metal; Immobilization; Phytoextraction; Phytofiltration; Phytoremediation; Rhizofiltration; Toxicity.

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