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Comparative Study
. 2020 Nov;59(4):683-692.
doi: 10.1007/s00411-020-00870-x. Epub 2020 Sep 29.

Internal doses in experimental mice and rats following exposure to neutron-activated 56MnO2 powder: results of an international, multicenter study

Valeriy Stepanenko  1 , Andrey Kaprin  2 , Sergey Ivanov  3 , Peter Shegay  2 , Kassym Zhumadilov  4 , Aleksey Petukhov  3 , Timofey Kolyzhenkov  3 , Viktoria Bogacheva  3 , Elena Zharova  2 , Elena Iaskova  3 , Nailya Chaizhunusova  5 , Dariya Shabdarbayeva  5 , Gaukhar Amantayeva  5 , Arailym Baurzhan  5 , Bakhyt Ruslanova  5 , Zhaslan Abishev  5 , Madina Apbassova  5 , Ynkar Kairkhanova  5 , Darkhan Uzbekov  5 , Zaituna Khismetova  5 , Yersin Zhunussov  5 , Nariaki Fujimoto  6 , Hitoshi Sato  7 , Kazuko Shichijo  8 , Masahiro Nakashima  8 , Aya Sakaguchi  9 , Shin Toyoda  10 , Noriyuki Kawano  11 , Megu Ohtaki  6 , Keiko Otani  11 , Satoru Endo  12 , Masayoshi Yamamoto  13 , Masaharu Hoshi  11
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Internal doses in experimental mice and rats following exposure to neutron-activated 56MnO2 powder: results of an international, multicenter study

Valeriy Stepanenko et al. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

The experiment was performed in support of a Japanese initiative to investigate the biological effects of irradiation from residual neutron-activated radioactivity that resulted from the A-bombing. Radionuclide 56Mn (T1/2 = 2.58 h) is one of the main neutron-activated emitters during the first hours after neutron activation of soil dust particles. In our previous studies (2016-2017) related to irradiation of male Wistar rats after dispersion of 56MnO2 powder, the internal doses in rats were found to be very inhomogeneous: distribution of doses among different organs ranged from 1.3 Gy in small intestine to less than 0.0015 Gy in some of the other organs. Internal doses in the lungs ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 Gy. The essential pathological changes were found in lung tissue of rats despite a low level of irradiation. In the present study, the dosimetry investigations were extended: internal doses in experimental mice and rats were estimated for various activity levels of dispersed neutron-activated 56MnO2 powder. The following findings were noted: (a) internal radiation doses in mice were several times higher in comparison with rats under similar conditions of exposure to 56MnO2 powder. (b) When 2.74 × 108 Bq of 56MnO2 powder was dispersed over mice, doses of internal irradiation ranged from 0.81 to 4.5 Gy in the gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, stomach, large intestine), from 0.096 to 0.14 Gy in lungs, and doses in skin and eyes ranged from 0.29 to 0.42 Gy and from 0.12 to 0.16 Gy, respectively. Internal radiation doses in other organs of mice were much lower. (c) Internal radiation doses were significantly lower in organs of rats with the same activity of exposure to 56MnO2 powder (2.74 × 108 Bq): 0.09, 0.17, 0.29, and 0.025 Gy in stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and lungs, respectively. (d) Doses of internal irradiation in organs of rats and mice were two to four times higher when they were exposed to 8.0 × 108 Bq of 56MnO2 (in comparison with exposure to 2.74 × 108 Bq of 56MnO2). (e) Internal radiation doses in organs of mice were 7-14 times lower with the lowest 56MnO2 amount (8.0 × 107 Bq) in comparison with the highest amount, 8.0 × 108 Bq, of dispersed 56MnO2 powder. The data obtained will be used for interpretation of biological effects in experimental mice and rats that result from dispersion of various levels of neutron-activated 56MnO2 powder, which is the subject of separate studies.

Keywords: 56Mn; Dispersion of radioactivity; Experimental mice and rats; Internal irradiation; Neutron activation; Radioactive dust.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of this paper have no conflicts of interest according to their disclosure forms.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic view of the box where neutron-activated radioactive 56MnO2 powder was dispersed on experimental animals. 1-Pneumatic tube for dispersion of radioactive 52Mn powder; 2-air filter; 3-plastic wall of the box; 4-plastic floor of the box with holes, where experimental animals were placed; 5-tubes for forced ventilation
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Statistical distribution of MnO2 particle diameters. Vertical axis: frequency, relative units. Horizontal axis- diameter of particles, µm. Mean diameter of MnO2 particles is equal to 8.1 µm
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Gamma spectrum of 56Mn obtained from the sample of the lung of a mouse. The maximal peak corresponds to the 846.8 keV gamma energy (intensity—98.9%) of 56Mn. Background gamma spectrum measured in the shielded room was subtracted
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Gamma spectrum of 56Mn obtained from the sample of the lung of a rat. The maximal peak corresponds to the 846.8 keV gamma energy (intensity—98.9%) of 56Mn. Background gamma spectrum measured in the shielded room was subtracted
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Background gamma spectrum measured in a well-shielded “measuring lab” without any radioactive samples
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Self-irradiation of lungs by electrons as a function of energy, MeV. Left panel: mouse, right panel: rat. Whole body weight of mouse (a): 30 g; whole body weight of rat (b): 270 g. SAF, g−1: specific absorbed fraction of electron energy
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Self-irradiation of lungs by gammas as a function of energy, MeV. Left panel: mouse, right panel: rat. Whole body weight of mouse (a): 30 g; whole body weight of rat (b): 270 g; SAF, g−1: specific absorbed fraction of gamma energy
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Small intestine irradiating large intestine with electrons as a function of energy, MeV. Left panel: mouse; right panel: rat. Whole body weight of a mouse (a): 30 g; whole body weight of a rat (b): 270 g; SAF, g−1: specific absorbed fraction of electron energy
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Small intestine irradiating large intestine with gammas as function of energy, MeV. Left panel: mouse, right panel: rat. Whole body weight of a mouse (a): 30 g; whole body weight of a rat (b): 270 g; SAF, g−1: specific absorbed fraction of gamma energy
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