Medicaid member perspectives on innovation in prenatal care delivery: A call to action from pregnant people using unscheduled care

Abstract

Background: Low-income women using prenatal care have shared concerns as well as unique needs not met by traditional prenatal care. Our objective was to explore user ideas on addressing unmet needs driving unscheduled care utilization and use findings to inform interventions to improve perinatal outcomes.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of qualitative interviews among purposively sampled, Medicaid-insured pregnant women with varied degrees of unscheduled care utilization. Interviews explored barriers and facilitators of health and ideas for improvement in care delivery, with a focus on the potential role of community health workers and social support. We extracted material on participants' perceived gaps and ideas, used modified grounded theory to develop general and subset themes by study group, and then mapped themes to potential intervention features.

Results: We identified intervention targets in three thematic domains: social support, care delivery, and access, noting sub-group differences. Participants with four or more unscheduled visits during pregnancy ("Group 1") wanted individualized help navigating resources, coaching, and peer support, while participants with a first unscheduled care visit after 36 weeks of pregnancy ("Group 2) wanted these services to be optional. Group 1 participants wanted flexible appointments, less wait time, discharge education and improved communication with providers, while Group 2 participants sought stable insurance coverage.

Conclusions: Findings suggest acceptable approaches to improve social support, care delivery, and access via stratified, targeted interventions.

Implications: Targeted interventions to improve prenatal care that incorporate user ideas and address unique unmet needs of specific subgroups may improve perinatal outcomes.

Level of evidence: III.

Keywords: Disparities; High utilization; Obstetrics; Patient-centered research; Prenatal care.