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. 2020 Sep 25;10(10):753.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10100753.

Reducing the Breast Cancer Risk and Radiation Dose of Radiography for Scoliosis in Children: A Phantom Study

Manami Nemoto  1 , Koichi Chida  1   2
Affiliations

Reducing the Breast Cancer Risk and Radiation Dose of Radiography for Scoliosis in Children: A Phantom Study

Manami Nemoto et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Full-spinal radiographs (FRs) are often the first choice of imaging modality in the investigation of scoliosis. However, FRs are strongly related to breast cancer occurrence due to multiple large-field radiographic examinations taken during childhood and adolescence, which may increase the risk for breast cancer in adulthood among women with scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to consider various technical parameters to reduce the patient radiation dose of FRs for scoliosis. To evaluate breast surface doses (BSDs) in FRs, radio photoluminescence dosimeters were placed in contact with a child phantom. Using the PC-based Monte Carlo (PMC) program for calculating patient doses in medical X-ray examinations, the breast organ dose (BOD) and the effective dose were calculated by performing Monte Carlo simulations using mathematical phantom models. The BSDs in the posteroanterior (PA) view were 0.15-0.34-fold those in the anteroposterior (AP) view. The effective dose in the PA view was 0.4-0.61-fold that in the AP view. BSD measurements were almost equivalent to the BODs obtained using PMC at all exposure settings. During FRs, the PA view without an anti-scatter grid significantly reduced the breast dose compared to the AP view with an anti-scatter grid.

Keywords: breast cancer; cancer risk; disaster medicine; effective dose; full-spinal radiograph; pediatric X-ray examination; radiation dose; radiation safety; scoliosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geometric arrangement of measurements of breast surface doses (BSDs). Radio photoluminescence dosimeters (RPLDs) (GD-302M) were placed on the breast surface at the R-position and the L-position. The average values of the R-position and L-position measurements were used in this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Breast surface doses (BSDs) when changing the tube voltage without a grid. (AP: anteroposterior, PA: posteroanterior).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Breast surface doses (BSDs) when changing the tube voltage with a grid. (AP: anteroposterior, PA: posteroanterior).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effective dose calculated by the PC-based Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses in medical X-ray examinations (without a grid). (AP: anteroposterior, PA: posteroanterior).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effective dose calculated by the PC-based Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses in medical X-ray examinations (with a grid). (AP: anteroposterior, PA: posteroanterior).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The relative values of the measured breast surface doses (BSDs) and the calculated breast organ doses (BODs) in the anteroposterior (AP) view (without a grid).
Figure 7
Figure 7
The relative values of the measured breast surface doses (BSDs) and the calculated breast organ doses (BODs) in the anteroposterior (AP) view (with a grid).
Figure 8
Figure 8
The differences in the phantom image contrast of full spinal radiographs using various tube voltages (focus-image-receptor distance: 180 cm, without a grid).
Figure 9
Figure 9
The differences in the phantom image contrast of full-spinal radiographs using various tube voltages (focus-image-receptor distance: 180 cm, with a grid).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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