Development of a novel method to measure material surface staining by cigarette, e-cigarette or tobacco heating product aerosols

Abstract

Tobacco smoke (CS) may visually stain indoor surfaces including ceilings, walls and soft furnishings over time. Potentially reduced risk products (PRRPs) such as e-cigarettes (EC) and tobacco heating products (THP) produce chemically less complex aerosols with significantly reduced levels of toxicants, particles and odour. However, the potential effects of EC and THP aerosols on the staining of indoor surfaces are currently unknown. In this study, an exposure chamber was developed as a model system to enable the accelerated staining of wallpaper and cotton samples by a scientific reference cigarette (3R4F), three THP (glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens) and an e-cigarette (iSwitch Maxx). Exposure to 3R4F reference cigarettes caused the greatest level of staining, which was significantly higher than glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols, all of which showed relatively little colour change. Exposure to 200-1000 puffs of 3R4F cigarette smoke resulted in a visible dose response effect to wallpaper and cotton samples which was not observed following exposure to glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols. Aging of the samples for 4 weeks post-exposure resulted in changes to the staining levels, however PRRP staining levels were minimal and significantly lower than 3R4F exposed samples. For the first time, diverse PRRPs across the tobacco and nicotine products risk continuum have been assessed in vitro for their impact on surface staining. CS exposure significantly increased the level of wallpaper and cotton staining, whereas exposure to glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx aerosols resulted in significantly reduced levels of staining, staining levels were also comparable to untreated control samples.

Keywords: Cigarette; Electronic cigarette/e-cigarette; Environmental exposure; Environmental tobacco smoke; Hygiene; Materials science; Surface staining; Tobacco heating product.

Figure 1

Products and aerosol exposure chamber. A) Products used for sample exposure, i: 3R4F reference cigarette (https://ctrp.uky.edu/), ii-iv: glo™, glo™ pro and glo™ sens, BATs commercial tobacco heating products, v: iSwitch Maxx, BAT commercial electronic cigarette. B) The aerosol exposure chamber (Patent publication number WO 03/100417 A1) was modified to contain an additional 11.9 cm central cylinder section to enable wallpaper and cotton samples to be attached. C) Schematic of the modified chamber.

Figure 2

ΔL∗, Δa∗, Δb∗ and ΔE values following exposure of wallpaper samples to product aerosols. ΔL∗, Δa∗, Δb∗ and ΔE mean and standard deviation values following the exposure of wallpaper samples to 3R4F, glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx. Graphs show the data obtained after 200–1000 puffs and following the storage of the 1000 puff exposed tobacco containing samples in the dark for 28 days. (a) ΔL∗ (lightness), (b) Δa∗ (green and red colour component), (c) Δb∗ (blue and yellow colour components) and (d) ΔE (colour change) graphs.

Figure 3

Wallpaper staining following exposure to product aerosols. Wallpaper samples were exposed to 1000 puffs of aerosols generated, from top to bottom, 3R4F CS, glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens and iSwitch Maxx. Control samples are unexposed samples.

Figure 4

ΔL∗, Δa∗, Δb∗ and ΔE values following exposure of cotton samples to product aerosols. ΔL∗, Δa∗, Δb∗ and ΔE mean and standard deviation values following the exposure of cotton samples to 3R4F, glo™, glo™ pro, glo™ sens or iSwitch Maxx. Graphs show the data obtained after 200–1000 puffs and following the storage of the 1000 puff exposed samples in the dark for 28 days. (a) ΔL∗ (lightness), (b) Δa∗ (green and red colour component), (c) Δb∗ (blue and yellow colour components) and (d) ΔE (colour change) graphs.