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. 2021 Feb;28(6):6504-6519.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10920-y. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

Nexus between green finance and climate change mitigation in N-11 and BRICS countries: empirical estimation through difference in differences (DID) approach

Muhammad Atif Nawaz  1 , Usha Seshadri  2 , Pranav Kumar  3 , Ramaisa Aqdas  4 , Ataul Karim Patwary  5 , Madiha Riaz  6
Affiliations

Nexus between green finance and climate change mitigation in N-11 and BRICS countries: empirical estimation through difference in differences (DID) approach

Muhammad Atif Nawaz et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb.

Abstract

Green finance is inextricably linked to investment risk, particularly in emerging and developing economies (EMDE). This study uses the difference in differences (DID) method to evaluate the mean causal effects of a treatment on an outcome of the determinants of scaling up green financing and climate change mitigation in the N-11 countries from 2005 to 2019. After analyzing with a dummy for the treated countries, it was confirmed that the outcome covariates: rescon (renewable energy sources consumption), population, FDI, CO2, inflation, technical corporation grants, domestic credit to the private sector, and research and development are very significant in promoting green financing and climate change mitigation in the study countries. The probit regression results give a different outcome, as rescon, FID, CO2, Human Development Index (HDI), and investment in the energy sector by the private sector that will likely have an impact on the green financing and climate change mitigation of the study countries. Furthermore, after matching the analysis through the nearest neighbor matching, kernel matching, and radius matching, it produced mixed results for both the treated and the untreated countries. Either group experienced an improvement in green financing and climate change mitigation or a decrease. Overall, the DID showed no significant difference among the countries.

Keywords: CO2; Difference in difference; Economic development; N-11 and BRICS countries; Probit regression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

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Fig. 1
CO2 emission
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Foreign direct investment
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Renewable energy
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DID mapping of countries
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Line graph of DID and treated countries
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Treated vs untreated
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Fig. 7
Untreated and treated matching of the countries
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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