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Review
. 2020 Nov:161:105206.
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105206. Epub 2020 Sep 28.

Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases

Daniela Marotto  1 , Fabiola Atzeni  2 , Sandro Ardizzone  3 , Giovanni Monteleone  4 , Valeria Giorgi  5 , Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini  5
Affiliations
Review

Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases

Daniela Marotto et al. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBDs), including the two main subtypes of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, not only affects the gastrointestinal system, but also has a wide range of extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) that are major sources of morbidity and disability, and therefore represent what can be considered a real syndrome. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these EIMs are unknown, but some may share a common pathogenesis with IBD and others may be due to IBD treatment. The aim of this review is to examine our current knowledge of IBD EIMs and their treatment.

Keywords: Crohn disease; Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs); Inflammatory bowel disease; Treatment; Ulcerative colitis.

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