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Case Reports
. 2020 Oct 1:21:e924830.
doi: 10.12659/AJCR.924830.

Short Bowel Syndrome in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Premature Infant with Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Case Report

Yanzhen Zhang  1 , Bo Zhou  1 , Lanyan Wu  1 , Hong Cao  1 , Guozhong Xie  2 , Hua Fang  2
Affiliations
Case Reports

Short Bowel Syndrome in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Premature Infant with Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Case Report

Yanzhen Zhang et al. Am J Case Rep. .

Abstract

BACKGROUND Short bowel syndrome in infants is relatively rare. It consists of malabsorption caused by a congenital short bowel or extensive resection of a large part of the small intestine. The postoperative mortality rate is high and surviving patients develop many complications. Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency. Delayed treatment may lead to irreversible neuron necrosis, gliosis, severe amnesia, Korsakoff psychosis, or even death. CASE REPORT We report the case of a premature infant with extremely low birth weight and short bowel syndrome. He was treated with early enteral nutrition combined with succus entericus reinfusion with no complications. Four months after discharge, he was diagnosed with Wernicke encephalopathy. He was treated with intravenous vitamin B1 (100 mg IV/d) and was administered oral vitamin B1 (20 mg 3 times daily) by his wet nurse. Vitamin B1 levels returned to normal after 4 days (69.8 nmol/L). Physical development was normal at the follow-up at a corrected age of 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Preventive measures for Wernicke encephalopathy should be implemented in patients with long-term malnutrition or absorption disorders. The risk of vitamin B1 deficiency increases in patients receiving parenteral nutrition and medical staff should be aware of the importance of the vitamin B1 status.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: This study was supported by grants from Anhui University Teaching Quality Engineering Project “Huangshan Changren Hospital Demonstration Training Center of Huangshan Vocational and Technical College” (2019xqsxzx40); Anhui High Level Vocational Nursing Major (2018ylzy107); Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Universities (No. KJ2018A0955, KJ2018A0954)

Conflicts of interest

None.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distal fistula imaging (Before succus entericus reinfusion, distal fistula imaging was used to observe patency).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Bilateral basal ganglia striatum, caudate nucleus head, and medial dorsal nucleus were symmetrical, and the density was decreased.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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