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. 2020 Sep 21;6(9):e05004.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05004. eCollection 2020 Sep.

Bioaugmentation of Vibrio alginolyticus in phytoremediation of aluminium-contaminated soil using Scirpus grossus and Thypa angustifolia

Ipung Fitri Purwanti  1 , Adriana Obenu  1 , Bieby Voijant Tangahu  1 , Setyo Budi Kurniawan  2 , Muhammad Fauzul Imron  3 , Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah  2
Affiliations

Bioaugmentation of Vibrio alginolyticus in phytoremediation of aluminium-contaminated soil using Scirpus grossus and Thypa angustifolia

Ipung Fitri Purwanti et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

This research analyses the performance of bacteria-assisted phytoremediation of aluminium (Al)-contaminated soil using native Indonesian plants namely, Scirpus grossus and Thypa angustifolia. A range finding test (RFT) was carried out for 14 days to obtain the tolerable Al concentration for both plants. A total of 2% and 5% (v/v) of Vibrio alginolyticus were bioaugmented during the 28-day phytoremediation test to enhance the overall Al removal. Result of the RFT showed that both plants can tolerate up to 500 mg/kg Al concentration. The addition of V. alginolyticus to the reactors resulted in a significant increment of Al removal from the contaminated soil (p < 0.05). Such addition of V. alginolyticus increased the Al removal by up to 14.0% compared with that without-bacteria addition. The highest Al removal was obtained for S. grossus with 5% V. alginolyticus with an efficiency of 35.1% from 500 mg/kg initial concertation. T. angustifolia with 500 mg/kg initial concentration showed the highest removal of 26.2% by the addition of 5% V. alginolyticus. The increase of Al removal by the bioaugmentation of V. alginolyticus was due to the interaction in the plant's rhizosphere. Exudates of both plants provided a good environment for bacteria to live in the root area. Meanwhile, the bacteria increased the bioavailability of Al to be further extracted by plants. Certain mechanisms, such as rhizostabilisation, phytostimulation and phytoextraction, were considered to be the main processes that occurred during the treatment. S. grossus and T. angustifolia displayed promising ability to act as Al hyperaccumulators with bioaccumulation factor values up to 5.308 and 3.068, respectively. Development of the design of the ex-situ soil phytoremediation reactors is suggested as a future research direction because it can significantly enhance the current obtained finding.

Keywords: Aluminum; Environmental engineering; Environmental hazard; Environmental science; Free-flow surface; Green engineering; Hyperaccumulator; Phytotechnology; Pollution; Remediation; Soil pollution; Waste treatment.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Research workflow.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Initial growth measurement of S. grossus and T. angustifolia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Observation of RFT on S. grossus and T. angustifolia.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Al content in plant roots (values are presented in mean ± SEM). Letter a-A indicates the significant differences between the initial and the final concentrations.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Al content in plant stems (values are presented in mean ± SEM). Letter a-A indicates the significant differences between the initial and the final concentrations.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Al content in the soil (values are presented in mean ± SEM). Letter a-A indicates the significant differences between the initial and the final concentrations.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Efficiency of Al removal (values are presented in mean ± SEM. Letter A-B-C above the graph indicates the significant difference of Al removal from soil medium between no bacterial addition, 2% bacterial addition and 5% bacterial addition; letter a-b-c above the graph indicates the significant difference of Al removal from the soil medium between S. grossus, T. angustifolia and control reactor.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Proposed mass balance for (a) T0B5% (b) T1B5% (c) T2B5%.
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